Six step process for identifying, testing, releasing, and managing biological control agents:
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Recognize that an exotic species is, or may become, an invasive threat.
- Conduct exploratory surveys for potential biological control agents in the invasive plant’s native range.
- Screen the most promising agents for host specificity (that is, ecological safety).
- Apply for permission to release the biological control agent.
- Establish self-perpetuating populations of safe biological control agents.
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Develop management strategies to enhance efficacy of naturalized biological control agents.
Biological control agents for selected invasive plant species.
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Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed): |
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Agasicles hygrophila |
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Amynothrips andersoni |
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Arcola malloi |
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Pistia stratiotes (Waterlettuce): |
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Neohydronomus affinis |
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Spodoptera pectinicornis |
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Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla): |
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Bagous affinis |
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Bagous hydrillae |
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Hydrellia pakistanae |
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Hydrellia balciunasi |
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Melaleuca quinquenervia (Paperbark tree): |
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Oxyops vitiosa |
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Boreioglycaspis melaleucae |
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Fergusonina turneri |
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Salvinia molesta (Giant water fern): |
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Cyrtobagous salviniae |
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Eichhornia crassipes (Waterhyacinth): |
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Neochetina eichhorniae |
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Neochetina bruchi |
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Niphograpta albiguttalis |
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Lygodium microphyllum (Old-world climbing fern): |
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Cataclysta camptozonale (released 1st qtr, 2005)
Renamed Austromusotima camptozonale |
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