Sound Library

1 - Sound Library 2 - Page 2

Bug Bytes

Richard Mankin

A zip file of the .wav files in pages 1 and 2 has been deposited at:

https://data.nal.usda.gov/dataset/bug-bytes-sound-library-stored-product-insect-pest-sounds/resource/ff1b1ed6-5597-4494-be21-7205122dae63#{}

The sounds of crickets courting and flies flying familiar to many of us, but have you heard a rice weevil larva eating inside a wheat kernel, a termite cutting a piece of wood, or a grub chewing on a root?  Modern insect detection and control technology makes use of these subtle signals, sampled below.

Most of the sound files in the several pages of this library were selected from noise-free sections of recorded signal, but you can hear some typical background noises mixed with insect sounds at I below.  The insect sounds have higher frequencies and shorter durations that make them relatively easy to separate from background (see discussion in ). Several different methods have been developed to identify sounds of particular insect species, and at least one author ( )  has tested a method against multiple signals below.

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Note:  This page contains links to sound ( or .wav) files, and accompanying information in (.pdf) files as well as links to pictures or other information about each species in the Encyclopedia of Life  or Featured Creatures .  Some of the sounds are low in intensity, and it may be necessary to turn up the speaker volume to hear them.  Also, many sound players like to deemphasize low frequencies.  If your player has an equalizer and you can't hear the sounds, turn up the frequencies between 600 and 1500 Hz. If the sound does not play well over the internet,  you can right click on the file, and then click Save Target As  to download the file to your desktop or elsewhere on your computer, where it may play better. Coolest Top 6: (my choice, let me know yours) Cotesia marginiventris (Braconid parasitoid calling song) Bactrocera tyroni (Queensland fruit fly calling song) Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) Solenopsis invicta (Fire ant stridulation) Drepanotermes (Australian termites, headbanging) Diaphorina citri (duetting calls of males and females in a cluster) Below: Cornelius Dunmore and Katrina Hutchinson  performing digital signal analysis of stored product insect pest sounds. Subject Index: A. Stored product and household pest insect movement and feeding sounds B. Movement and feeding sounds of soil invertebrates C. Defensive stridulation by soil insects (dung beetles) D. Movement and feeding sounds of insects in wood.  Termite head-banging E. Movement and feeding sounds of insects in plants F. Buzzing of fruit flies, butterflies, moths, and mosquitoes, stink bug, and Rhopalid  communication G. Fire ants, phorid flies, and their interactions H. Cricket, katydid, and cicada sounds, including underground sounds of immature crickets I. Examples to distinguish insect sounds from background noise More sounds: Iowa State Entomology Index

Species Index: Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) Aedes taeniorynchus (salt marsh mosquito) Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly)  Anoplophora glabripennis  (Asian longhorned beetle) Antitrogus parvulus (Childers grub)  Apocnemidophorus pipitzi (Brazilian peppertree stem borer ) Bactrocera tyroni (Queensland fruit fly) Blattella germanica (German cockroach) Buprestid spp.  (larva in oak branch) Camponotus denticulatus (Australian ant) Cephus cinctus (Wheat stem sawfly) Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)   Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan termite) Cotesia marginiventris (Braconid parasitoid) Cryptotermes or Incisitermes (Drywood termite)  Delia antiqua (Onion fly) Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine beetle) Dermolepida albohirtum (greyback cane grub) Diaphorina citri (Asian citrius psyllid)   Diaprepes abbreviatus (Diaprepes root weevil)  Drepanotermes (Australian termites) Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) Euzophera magnolialis (Magnolia root borer)  Ensifera (Crickets and katydids, adults and underground immatures) Gastropoda (snails) underground Geotrupes egeriei (Dung beetle) defensive stridulation Heliconius cydno alithea (Heliconid butterfly) adult and pupa Hylobius abietes (pine weevil) Hylotrupes bajulus (Old house borer) Jadera haematoloma (soapberry bug) Leptogenys kitteli (ants) stridulations Lumbricidae (Earthworms) Mallodon dasystomus Monochamus titillator (Southern pine sawyer) Musca domesticus (housefly) Nezara viridula (Southern green stink bug) Oryctes rhinoceros (Coconut rhinoceros beetle) stridulation Oryctes elegans (Rhinoceros beetle) larval movement Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Black vine weevil) Peltotrupes profundus (Dung beetle) defensive stridulation Phyllophaga (White grub) Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth) adults and larvae Polyphylla spp. (June beetle) Prostephanus truncatus larvae and adults Pseudacteon tricuspis (Phorid fly) Reticulitermes flavipes  (Eastern subterranean termite) Reticulitermes virginicus (termite) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) Rhynchophorus cruentatus (palmetto weevil) Scapteriscus vicinus (Mole cricket) Sitophilus oryzae (Rice weevil) Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) larvae and adults Solenopsis invicta (Fire ant)

A.  Stored Product Insect movement and feeding sounds recorded for insect detection and monitoring studies
(the sound quality differences that you hear are caused by differences in the spectral ranges of the sensors).

A.1. Plodia interpunctella larvae in dry dog food [1147 kb, 30 s] recorded with Bruel and Kjaer accelerometer.
A.2.  Individual Plodia interpunctella larva in dry dog food [489 kB, 10 s] recorded with piezoelectric disk sensor.
A.3. Sitophilus oryzae larvae (17-18 d old) in wheat kernels [489 kB, 10 s] recorded with PVDF film sensor.
A.4. Sitophilus oryzae larvae (16-17 d old) in wheat kernels [489 kB, 10 s] recorded with Bruel and Kjaer accelerometer.
A.5. Sitophilus oryzae larvae (16-17 d old) in wheat kernels [489 kB, 10 s] recorded with 40 kHz ultrasonic sensor.
A.6. Sitophilus oryzae larvae (17-18 d old) in wheat kernels [977 kB, 10 s] recorded with 30 kHz ultrasonic sensor.
A.7. Sitophilus oryzae larvae (16-17 d old) in wheat kernels [977 kB, 10 s] recorded with piezoelectric disk sensor.

A.8.   Sitophilus zeamais larvae in maize [817 kB, 11 s] recorded with microphone.

A.9.   Sitophilus zeamais adults in maize [731 kB, 10 s] recorded with microphone.

A.10. Prostephanus truncatus larvae in maize [727 kB, 10 s] recorded with microphone.

A.11 Prostephanus truncatus adults in maize [822 kB, 11 s] recorded with microphone.
A.12. Blattella germanica (German cockroach adult male  [692 kB, 35 s] scurrying in a small arena, recorded with small microphone.

B.  Movement and feeding sounds of soil invertebrates:

For #'s B.1-3 see also:  Web Page by Phil Stansly, Biology of Diaprepes abbreviatus

B.1. Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae feeding on citrus stock in a 1-gallon pot  [1,465 kB, 30 s]
B.2. Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae feeding on orange tree roots in a grove  [641 kB, 12.8 s] (see [2209 kB] )
B.3. Recording under different orange tree in same grove    [489 kB, 9.8 s]

[Note:  Originally B.3 was thought also to be Diaprepes, but analysis of the sound pattern and spectra led us to reclassify the sound as an above-ground insect feeding in the tree canopy.]
B.4a. 

Phyllophaga (white grubs) recorded by Jamee Brandhorst-Hubbard

 

           w/ soil microphone [449 kB, 9 s]. (see . 

. [556 kB])

 

B.4b.

Phyllophaga  (white grubs) recorded by Minling Zhang w/ soil microphone

 

        containing examples of a repeated pulse (near start of file), followed by several rustles,

 

        and a loud snap at end  [831 kB, 17 s].  

(See Zhang et al. 2003)

  .

B.4.c.and B.4.d.  Two simultaneous recordings by Minling Zhang of a series
        of (6) sound pulses recorded from microphones inserted into soil near a white grub
        (Phyllophaga).  The series begins at ca. 8.8 s after the beginning of each recording
        and lasts for 1.5 s.  Other sounds also are present in the recordings.  [769 kB, 16 s]. Additional information

        in Zhang et al. (2003)     

B.5. Euzophera magnolialis Capps recorded in soil under magnolia tree.
       (Assisted by Gary Leibee) For more information about Magnolia root borer
       , see Leibee G. L. 1992.  Unearthing the magnolia menace.  American Nurseryman, January 1992, pp. 70-74 [489 kB, 9.8 s].

B.6. 

Polyphylla spp.( Possibly P. barbata). Unverified recordings in habitat of rare June beetle,
recorded by John Rodgers near Santa Cruz, CA, using an

AED-2000

  insect detection system.
B.7.

Scapteriscus vicinus  Mole cricket
recorded by

Jamee Brandhorst-Hubbard

  w/ soil microphone [489 kB, 9.8 s].
B.8. 

Scapteriscus vicinus  Mole cricket scraping sounds
recorded by Everett Foreman w/ accelerometer [489 kB, 9.8 s].
  See Tom Walker's

Web Site

for above-ground sounds made by adults and reference information about mole crickets.
B.9. 

Lumbricidae spp. (earthworms) recorded in soil from a forage grass field
using an accelerometer [489 kB 9.8 s].

          B.10.    Early-instar Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae recorded in Aruba with AED-2000 by Nathan Herrick
                                 (3 larvae in a Phoenix canariensis palm frond)      [937 kB 10 s].

          More Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) and R. cruentatus (palmetto weevil) sounds.

        B.11. Otiorhynchus sulcatus (black vine weevil) larvae in 1-gal. pot with yew tree,recorded with accelerometer [489 kB, 10   s].

 

More

BVW sounds recorded with accelerometer in nursery containers with different host plants [6 segments, each 489 kB, 9.8 s].

 

        B.12. Dermolepida albohirtum larvae (greyback grubs) feeding on sugarcane in a field near Mackay, Australia, recorded with an
                   accelerometer (assistance from Peter Samson)  [1492 kB, 17 s].
        B.13. Antitrogus parvulus larvae (Childers grubs) feeding on sugarcane in a field near Bundaberg, Australia, recorded with an
                  accelerometer (assistance from Keith Chandler)  [828 kB, 9 s].
        B.14. Lumbricidae spp. (earthworms) recorded in soil from a forage grass field
                  using an accelerometer [489 kB 9.8 s].
        B.15. Gastropoda spp. (snails) recorded with an accelerometer in a container with a grape vine.

 

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