Erica Spackman : USDA ARS

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Erica Spackman
Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research
Acting Research Leader

Phone: (706) 546-3617
Fax: (706) 546-3161

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Projects

Control Strategies to Prevent and Respond to Diseases Outbreaks Caused by Avian Influenza Viruses

	In-House Appropriated (D)
	Accession Number: 441119

Development of an Antigenic and Sequence Database of U.S. Avian Influenza Viruses

	Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)
	Accession Number: 442500

Updating Avian Influenza Diagnostic Tests and HPAIV Strain Characterization

	Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)
	Accession Number: 444191

Characterization of Variant Avian Influenza Viruses to Evaluate Vaccines

	Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)
	Accession Number: 446646

Pathogenesis of Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) Virus and Improved Control Through Targeted Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines

	Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)
	Accession Number: 439070

“NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response” (CEIRR)

	Reimbursable Cooperative Agreement (R)
	Accession Number: 443876

Characterization Avian Influenza Virus Immunology and Intervention Strategies in Poultry

	Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)
	Accession Number: 442492

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon

will take you to the publication reprint.)

A systematic review of laboratory investigations into the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses in wild avifauna of North America

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Gonnerman, M., Leyson, C., Sullivan, J., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Mullinax, J., Prosser, D. 2024. A systematic review of laboratory investigations into the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses in wild avifauna of North America. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B. Biological Sciences. 291(2033):2024. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.1845.

Inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus with high temperature short time continuous flow pasteurization and virus detection in bulk milk tanks

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Anderson, N., Walker, S., Suarez, D.L., Jones, D.R., Mccoig, A., Colonius, T., Roddy, T., Chaplinski, N.J. 2024. Inactivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus with high temperature short time continuous flow pasteurization and virus detection in bulk milk tanks. Journal of Food Protection. 87(10):2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100349.

Efficacy of commercial recombinant HVT vaccines against a North American clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in chickens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lee, J., Lee, C.W., Suarez, D.L., Lee, S.A., Kim, T.N., Spackman, E. 2024. Efficacy of commercial recombinant HVT vaccines against a North American clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in chickens. PLOS ONE. 19(7):e307100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307100.

Inactivation of avian influenza virus inoculated into ground beef patties cooked on a commercial open-flame gas grill - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in retail dairy products in the United States

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Goraichuk, I., Jones, D.R., Colonius, T., Mccoig, A., Suarez, D.L. 2024. Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in retail dairy products in the United States. Journal of Virology. 98(7). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00881-24.

Molecular and antigenic evolution of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Review Article)

The duration of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and Newcastle diseases virus infectivity in dried ornithological study skins

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Stephens, C., Pusch, E. 2024. The duration of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and Newcastle diseases virus infectivity in dried ornithological study skins. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 60(3):774-778. https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-24-00010.

The 28S rRNA RT-qPCR assay for host depletion evaluation to enhance avian virus detection in illumina and nanopore sequencing

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goraichuk, I.V., Harden, M., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2023. The 28S rRNA RT-qPCR assay for host depletion evaluation to enhance avian virus detection in illumina and nanopore sequencing. Frontiers in Microbiology. Volume 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328987.

Pathogenicity in chickens and turkeys of a 2021 United States H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b wild bird virus compared to two previous H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Leyson, C., Youk, S., Lee, S.A., Moon, L.M., Torchetti, M.K., Killian, M.L., Lenoch, J.B., Kapczynski, D.R., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2023. Pathogenicity in chickens and turkeys of a 2021 United States H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b wild bird virus compared to two previous H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses. Viruses. 15(11):2273. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112273.

Efficacy of inactivated and RNA particle vaccines against a North American clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Lee, C.W., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Lee, S.A., Youk, S., Ibrahim, S. 2023. Efficacy of inactivated and RNA particle vaccines against a North American clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Vaccine. 41(49):7369-7376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.070.

Prediction of highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine efficacy in chickens by comparison of in vitro and in vivo data: a meta-analysis and systematic review

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mo, J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2023. Prediction of highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine efficacy in chickens by comparison of in vitro and in vivo data: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Vaccine. 41(38):5507-5517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.076.

SARS-CoV-2 utilization of ACE2 from different bat species allows for virus entry and replication in vitro

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Briggs, K., Sweeney, R.P., Blehert, D.S., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Kapczynski, D.R. 2023. SARS-CoV-2 utilization of ACE2 from different bat species allows for virus entry and replication in vitro. Virology. 586:122-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.002.

A review of the stability of avian influenza virus in materials from poultry farms

- (Review Article)

Spackman, E. 2023. A review of the stability of avian influenza virus in materials from poultry farms. Avian Diseases. 67(3):229-236. https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-23-00027.

The pathogenesis of a 2022 North American highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 avian influenza in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Lee, S.A., Prosser, D. 2023. The pathogenesis of a 2022 North American highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 avian influenza in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Avian Pathology. 52(3):219-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2023.2196258.

Experimental challenge of a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in American mink - (Abstract Only)

Zoonotic potential of influenza A viruses of poultry and other avian species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2022. Zoonotic potential of influenza A viruses of poultry and other avian species. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Issue Paper. SP33:23-25.

The thermal stability of Newcastle disease virus in poultry litter

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mo, J., Stephens, C.B., Spackman, E. 2022. The thermal stability of Newcastle disease virus in poultry litter. Avian Diseases. 66(2):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-21-00113.

Development of an in vitro model for animal species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 replication based on expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in avian cells

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kapczynski, D.R., Sweeney, R.P., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L. 2022. Development of an in vitro model for animal species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 replication based on expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in avian cells. Virology. 569:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.014.

Evaluation of host genetic resistance to infectious bursal disease virus - (Abstract Only)

The pathobiology of H7N3 low and high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from the United States outbreak in 2020 differs between turkeys and chickens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Criado, M.F., Leyson, C.M., Youk, S., Deblois, S.M., Olivier, T.L., Killian, M.L., Torchetti, M.L., Parris, D.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2021. The pathobiology of H7N3 low and high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from the United States outbreak in 2020 differs between turkeys and chickens. Viruses. 13(9):1851. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091851.

The pathogenicity and transmission of live bird market H2N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens, Pekin ducks, and guinea fowl

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mo, J., Youk, S., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Lee, D., Killian, M., Bergeson, N.H., Spackman, E. 2021. The pathogenicity and transmission of live bird market H2N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens, Pekin ducks, and guinea fowl. Veterinary Microbiology. 260:109180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109180.

Efficacy of two vaccines against recent emergent antigenic variants of Clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Bangladesh

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kwon, J., Ferreira Criado, M., Killmaster, L.F., Ali, M.Z., Giasuddin, M., Samad, M.A., Karim, M.R., Brum, E., Hasan, M.Z., Lee, D., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2021. Efficacy of two vaccines against recent emergent antigenic variants of Clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Bangladesh. Vaccine. 39(21):2824-2832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.022.

Optimizing sample collection methods for detection of respiratory viruses in poultry housing environments

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mo, J., Stephens, C.B., Jordan, B., Ritz, C., Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E. 2022. Optimizing sample collection methods for detection of respiratory viruses in poultry housing environments. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14547.

Identification of efficacious vaccines against contemporary North American H7 avian influenza viruses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Sitaras, I., Stephens, C.B., Suarez, D.L. 2021. Identification of efficacious vaccines against contemporary North American H7 avian influenza viruses. Avian Diseases. 65:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00109.

Selection and antigenic characterization of immune-escape mutants of H7N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus using homologous polyclonal sera

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Sitaras, I., Spackman, E., De Jong, M.C., Parris, D.J. 2020. Selection and antigenic characterization of immune-escape mutants of H7N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus using homologous polyclonal sera. Virus Research. 290:e198188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198188.

Cross-protection by inactivated H5 prepandemic vaccine seed strains against diverse Goose/Guangdong lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Criado, M.F., Sa-E-Silva, M., Lee, D., Salge, C.A., Spackman, E., Donis, R., Wan, X., Swayne, D.E. 2020. Cross-protection by inactivated H5 prepandemic vaccine seed strains against diverse Goose/Guangdong lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Journal of Virology. 94(24):e00720-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00720-20.

Lack of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in poultry

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Lee, S.A., Deblois, S.M., Spackman, E. 2020. Lack of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in poultry. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26(12)3074-3076. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2612.202989.

Influenza A viruses remain infectious for more than seven months in northern wetlands of North America

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ramey, A.M., Reeves, A.B., Drexler, J., Ackerman, J., De La Crus, S., Lang, A., Leyson, C., Link, P., Prosser, D., Robertson, G., Wright, J., Youk, S., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Poulson, R.L., Stallknecht, D.E. 2020. Influenza A viruses remain infectious for more than seven months in northern wetlands of North America. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 287(1934). Article 20200655. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1680.

Infectivity and transmission in turkeys and chickens of low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the 2020 outbreak in turkey farms in North and South Carolina - (Abstract Only)

Identification of optimal sample collection devices and sampling locations for the detection environmental viral contamination in wire poultry cages

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mo, J., Spackman, E., Stephens, C.B. 2020. Identification of optimal sample collection devices and sampling locations for the detection environmental viral contamination in wire poultry cages. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 00:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13721.

The pathogenesis of H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 group A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Luczo, J., Prosser, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Berlin, A., Spackman, E. 2020. The pathogenesis of H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 group A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata). BioMed Central (BMC) Veterinary Research. 16:351. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02579-x.

Effects of an H7 highly pathogenic and related low pathogenic avian influenza virus on chicken egg production, viability, and virus contamination of egg contents and surfaces

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Stephens, C.B., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2020. Effects of an H7 highly pathogenic and related low pathogenic avian influenza virus on chicken egg production, viability, and virus contamination of egg contents and surfaces. Avian Diseases. 64(2):143-148. https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-64.2.143.

Estimating epidemiological parameters using diagnostic testing data from low pathogenicity avian influenza infected turkey houses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Bonney, P.J., Malladi, S., Ssematimba, A., Spackman, E., Torchetti, M., Culhane, M., Cardona, C.J. 2021. Estimating epidemiological parameters using diagnostic testing data from low pathogenicity avian influenza infected turkey houses. Scientific Reports. 11. Article 1602. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81254-z.

Pathobiology and innate immune responses of gallinaceous poultry to clade 2.3.4.4A H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Betran, K., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Criado, M., Lee, D., Balzli, C.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2019. Pathobiology and innate immune responses of gallinaceous poultry to clade 2.3.4.4A H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. Veterinary Research. 50:89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0704-5.

Hemagglutination inhibition assay

- (Book / Chapter)

Spackman E, Sitaras I. 2020. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay. In: Spackman, E., Editor. Animal Influenza Virus Methods and Protocols. 3rd Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology, volume 2123. New York, NY: Humana. p. 11-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_2.

A brief introduction to avian influenza virus

- (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2020. A brief introduction to avian influenza virus. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus Methods and Protocols. 3rd Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology, volume 2123. New York, NY: Humana. p. 83-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_7.

Avian influenza virus RNA extraction

- (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Lee, S.A. 2020. Avian influenza virus RNA extraction. In: Spackman, E., Editor. Animal Influenza Virus Methods and Protocols. 3rd Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology, volume 2123. New York, NY: Humana. p. 123-135. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_10.

Avian influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR

- (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2020. Avian influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR. In: Spackman, E., Editor. Animal Influenza Virus Methods and Protocols. 3rd Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology, volume 2123. New York, NY: Humana. p. 137-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_11.

Avian influenza virus isolation, propagation and titration in embryonated chicken eggs

- (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Killian, M. 2020. Avian influenza virus isolation, propagation and titration in embryonated chicken eggs. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus Method and Protocols. 3rd Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology (volume 2123). New York, NY: Humana. p. 149-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_11.

Detection of influenza A antibodies in avian serum samples by ELISA

- (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Chappell, L., Killian, M. 2020. Detection of influenza A antibodies in avian serum samples by ELISA. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus Methods and Protocols. 3rd Edition. Methods in Molecular Biology (vol 2123). New York, NY: Humana. p. 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_14.

Protection afforded by avian influenza vaccination programs consisting of a novel RNA particle and an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge in layer chickens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ladman, B., Gelb, J., Sauble, L., Murphy, M., Spackman, E. 2019. Protection afforded by avian influenza vaccination programs consisting of a novel RNA particle and an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge in layer chickens. Avian Pathology. 48(4):371-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1605148.

Improving risk assessment of the emergence of novel influenza A viruses by incorporating environmental surveillance

- (Review Article)

Pepin, K., Hopken, M., Shriner, S., Spackman, E., Abdo, Z., Parrish, C., Riley, S., Lloyd-Smith, J., Piaggio, A. 2019. Improving risk assessment of the emergence of novel influenza A viruses by incorporating environmental surveillance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 374(1782):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0346.

Estimating within-flock transmission rate parameter for H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Minnesota turkey flocks during the 2015 epizootic

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ssematimba, A., Malladi, S., Hagenaars, T., Bonney, P., Weaver, J., Patyk, K., Spackman, E., Halvorson, D., Cardona, C. 2019. Estimating within-flock transmission rate parameter for H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Minnesota turkey flocks during the 2015 epizootic. Epidemiology and Infection. 147:e179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268819000633.

Assessment of replicate numbers for titrating avian influenza virus using dose-response models

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Malladi, S., Ssematimba, A., Stepehns, C. 2019. Assessment of replicate numbers for titrating avian influenza virus using dose-response models. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 31(4):616-619. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638719853851.

Efficacy of novel recombinant fowlpox vaccine against recent Mexican H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Criado, M.F., Bertran, K., Lee, D., Killmaster, L.F., Stephens, C.B., Spackman, E., Atkins, E., Sa E Silva, M., Mebastsion, T., Smith, R., Hughes, T., Widener, J., Pritchard, N., Swayne, D.E. 2019. Efficacy of novel recombinant fowlpox vaccine against recent Mexican H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Vaccine. 37(16):2232-2243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.009.

Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses infect, but do not cause disease in American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Prosser, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Stephens, C., Berlin, A. 2019. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 North American highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses infect, but do not cause disease in American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes). Avian Diseases. 63:366–370. https://doi.org/10.1637/11950-081418-ResNote.1.

The pathogenesis of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Stephens, C.B., Prosser, D.J., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Berlin, A.M., Spackman, E. 2019. The pathogenesis of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis). Avian Diseases. 63(1):230-234. https://doi.org/10.1637/11909-060118-ResNote.1.

Antigenic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses with chicken and ferret antisera reveals similar haemagglutination inhibition profiles

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Nguyen, D., Shepard, S.S., Burke, D.F., Jones, J., Nguyen, L., Thor, S., Nguyen, T., Balish, A., Hoang, D., To, T., Iqbal, M., Wentworth, D., Spackman, E., Van Doorn, R., David, T.C., Bryant, J.E. 2018. Antigenic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses with chicken and ferret antisera reveals similar haemagglutination inhibition profiles. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 7(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0100-7.

Purported addition of N-glycosylation sites on the globular head of the hemagglutinin induced escape of a 2015 Mexican H7 HPAI strain from vaccinal immunity - (Abstract Only)

Criado, M.F., Bertran, K., Lee, D., Killmaster, L.F., Stephens, C.B., Spackman, E., Atkins, E., Sa E Silva, M., Mebatsion, T., Smith, R., Hughes, T., Widener, J., Pritchard, N., Swayne, D.E. 2018.[abstract] Purported addition of N-glycosylation sites on the globular head of the hemagglutinin induced escape of a 2015 Mexican H7 HPAI strain from vaccinal immunity. Abstract book for 10th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, Brighton, United Kingdom, April 15-18, 2018. Paper No. 50.

Pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 Intercontinental Group A H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in minor gallinaceous poultry - (Abstract Only)

Bertran, K., Lee, D., Criado, M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Balzli, C.L., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2018. Pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 Intercontinental Group A H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in minor gallinaceous poultry [abstract]. 10th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, April 15-18, Brighton, United Kingdom. Paper No. 177.

The effect of infectious bursal disease virus induced immunosuppression on vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Stephens, C., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2017. The effect of infectious bursal disease virus induced immunosuppression on vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Avian Pathology. 62(1):36-44. https://doi.org/10.1637/11769-110717-Reg.1.

Pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infections in minor gallinaceous poultry supports early backyard flock introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Bertran, K., Lee, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Balzli, C.L., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2017. Pathobiology of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infections in minor gallinaceous poultry supports early backyard flock introductions in Western U.S., 2014-2015. Journal of Virology. 91(21):e00960-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00960-17.

A research update for southeast poultry research laboratory - (Abstract Only)

H7N9 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the United States in 2017 - (Abstract Only)

Thermal inactivation of avian influenza virus in poultry litter as a method to decontaminate poultry houses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Stephens, C., Spackman, E. 2017. Thermal inactivation of avian influenza virus in poultry litter as a method to decontaminate poultry houses. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 145:73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/jpreventmed.2017.06.012.

Immunologic evaluation of 10 different adjuvants for use in vaccines for chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ahmed, N., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R. 2017. Immunologic evaluation of 10 different adjuvants for use in vaccines for chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Vaccine. 35 (26):3401-3408. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.010.

The pathogenesis of H7N8 low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the United States 2016 outbreak in chickens, turkeys and mallards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Stephens, C., Bertran-Dols, K., Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E. 2017. The pathogenesis of H7N8 low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the United States 2016 outbreak in chickens, turkeys and mallards. PLoS One. 12(5):1-21. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177265.

Homologous and heterologous antigenic matched vaccines containing different H5 hemagglutinins provides variable protection of chickens from the 2014 U.S. H5N8 and H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Chrzastek, K., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2017. Homologous and heterologous antigenic matched vaccines containing different H5 hemagglutinins provides variable protection of chickens from the 2014 U.S. H5N8 and H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Vaccine. 35:6345-6353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.042.

Vaccine protection of poultry against H5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza - (Abstract Only)

The pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) and Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Prosser, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Berlin, A., Stephens, C.B. 2017. The pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) and Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis). Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 53(4):1-11. doi:10.7589/2017-01-003.

Avian influenza virus - (Book / Chapter)

Reovirus infections - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2018. Reovirus infections. In: Saif, Y.M., Toro, H., editors. Diagnosis of Major Poultry Diseases. Zaragoza, Spain: Editorial Servet. P. 35-37.

Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2018. Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. In: Saif, Y.M., Toro, H., editors. Diagnosis of Major Poultry Diseases. Zaragoza, Spain: Editorial Servet. P. 7-10.

Infectivity and transmissibility of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards - (Abstract Only)

H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the US 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2016. H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the US 2014-2015 outbreak have an unusually long pre-clinical period in turkeys. BioMed Central (BMC) Veterinary Research. 12:260. doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0890-6.

Age is not a determinant factor in susceptibility of broilers to H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Bertran, K., Lee, D., Balzli, C.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2016. Age is not a determinant factor in susceptibility of broilers to H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Veterinary Research. 47:116. doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0401-6.

Successes and short comings in four years of an international external quality assurance program for animal Influenza surveillance

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Cardona, C., Munoz-Aguayo, J., Fleming, S. 2016. Successes and short comings in four years of an international external quality assurance program for animal Influenza surveillance. PLoS One. 11(10):e0164261. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164261.

Negative data provide weak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl - (Other)

Ramey, A., Spackman, E., Torchetti, M., Deliberto, T. 2016. Negative data provide weak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1-2. doi/10.1073/pnas.1614530113

Changes in adaptation of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses in chickens and mallards

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Dejesus, E.G., Costa-Hurtado, M., Smith, D.M., Lee, D., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Torchetti, M.K., Killian, M.L., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2016. Changes in adaptation of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses in chickens and mallards. Virology. 499:52-64. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2016.08.036.

Pathogenicity and transmission of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Costa-Hurtado, M., Shepherd, E.M., Dejesus, E.G., Smith, D.M., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Stallknecht, D., Swayne, D.E. 2016. Pathogenicity and transmission of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards. Journal of Virology. 90(21):9967-9982.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza challenge studies in waterfowl - (Abstract Only)

Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Bevins, S., Dusek, R., White, L., Gidlewski, T., Bodenstein, B., Mansfield, K., Debruyn, P., Kraege, D., Rowan, E., Gillin, C., Thomas, B., Chandler, S., Spackman, E. 2016. Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States. Scientific Reports. 6:28980. doi:10.1038/srep28980.

Lack of chicken adaptation of newly emergent Eurasian H5N8 and reassortant H5N2 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in the U.S. is consistent with restricted poultry outbreaks in the Pacific flyway during 2014-2015

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Bertran, K., Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2016. Lack of chicken adaptation of newly emergent Eurasian H5N8 and reassortant H5N2 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in the U.S. is consistent with restricted poultry outbreaks in the Pacific flyway during 2014-2015. Virology. 494:190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.019.

Impact of emergence of avian influenza in North America and preventative measures - (Proceedings)

Swayne, D.E., Bertran, K., Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Lee, D. 2016. Impact of emergence of avian influenza in North America and preventative measures. In: Proceedings of the 65th Western Poultry Disease Conference, April 25-27, 2016, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. p. 265-266.

Isolation and genetic characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine (2001–2012)

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Muzyka, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Stegniy, B., Rula, O., Muzyka, N., Smith, D.M. 2016. Isolation and genetic characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine (2001–2012). Avian Diseases. 60(1):365-377. doi:10.1637/11114-050115-Reg.

Limited antigenic diversity in contemporary H7 avian-origin influenza A viruses from North America

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Xu, Y., Bailey, E., Spackman, E., Li, T., Wang, H., Long, L., Baroch, J.A., Cunningham, F.L., Lin, X., Jarman, R.G., Deliberto, T.J., Wan, X. 2016. Limited antigenic diversity in contemporary H7 avian-origin influenza A viruses from North America. Scientific Reports. 6:20688. http://doi.org/10.1038/srep20688.

The multigenic nature of the differences in pathogenicity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks - (Abstract Only)

The pathobiology of highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza virus in Ruddy ducks and Lesser Scaup - (Abstract Only)

Inactivation of avian influenza virus in chicken litter as a potential method to decontaminate poultry houses - (Abstract Only)

Pathogenicity and transmission of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 viruses (H5N8 and H5N2) in domestic waterfowl (Pekin ducks and Chinese geese) - (Abstract Only)

The effect of infectious bursal disease virus induced immunosuppression on avian influenza virus vaccine efficacy - (Abstract Only)

Previous infection with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus reduces highly pathogenic avian influenza virus replication, disease, and mortality in chickens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Costa-Hurtado, M., Afonso, C.L., Miller, P.J., Shepherd, E.M., Cha, R., Smith, D.M., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2015. Previous infection with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus reduces highly pathogenic avian influenza virus replication, disease, and mortality in chickens. Veterinary Research. 46:97. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0237-5.

Protective efficacy of recombinant and inactivated H5 avian influenza vaccines against challenge from the 2014 intercontinental H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N8 and H5N2) - (Abstract Only)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Protective efficacy of recombinant and inactivated H5 avian influenza vaccines against challenge from the 2014 intercontinental H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N8 and H5N2) [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists. CDROM.

Current situation on highly pathogenic avian influenza - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Current situation on highly pathogenic avian influenza [abstract]. Avian Influenza: Control Efforts and Trade Impacts. WattAgNet Webinar. June 10, 2015.

Rapidly expanding range of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Review Article)

Hall, J.S., Dusek, R.J., Spackman, E. 2015. Rapidly expanding range of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 21(7):1251-1252. DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.150403.

Avian influenza virus - (Book / Chapter)

Variation in protection by seven inactivated H5 vaccine strains against eight H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in chickens - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Sa E Silva, M., Spackman, E., Donis, R., Wan, Z. 2015. Variation in protection by seven inactivated H5 vaccine strains against eight H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in chickens [abstract]. Abstracts of the 19th World Veterinary Poultry Association Congress. p. 117.

Recent intercontinental movement and reassortment of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIV and the resulting impact on pathobiology in wild birds and poultry - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Lee, D., Bertran, K., Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2015. Recent intercontinental movement and reassortment of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIV and the resulting impact on pathobiology in wild birds and poultry [abstract]. Abstracts of Global Alliance for Research on Avian Diseases (GARAD) Conference, June 29-July 1, 2015, London, United Kingdom. p. 16.

Research update on H5Nx HPAI in the Americas - (Abstract Only)

Reduced experimental infectivity and transmissibility of intercontinental H5 (H5N8 and H5N2) compared to Eurasian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses for chickens, turkeys, and Japanese quail - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Bertran, K., Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2015. Reduced experimental infectivity and transmissibility of intercontinental H5 (H5N8 and H5N2) compared to Eurasian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses for chickens, turkeys, and Japanese quail [abstract]. 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, Athens, Georgia. p. 56.

Virus isolation and propagation in embryonating eggs - (Book / Chapter)

Experimental co-infections of domestic ducks with a virulent Newcastle disease virus and low or highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Costa-Hurtado, M., Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Experimental co-infections of domestic ducks with a virulent Newcastle disease virus and low or highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Veterinary Microbiology. 177:7-17.

Identification of viral epitopes recognized by the immune system following vaccination and challenge with the H7N9 avian influenza virus from China - (Abstract Only)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Identification of viral epitopes recognized by the immune system following vaccination and challenge with the H7N9 avian influenza virus from China [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists. CDROM.

Risk reduction modeling of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus titers in non-pasteurized liquid egg obtained from infected but undetected chicken flocks

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Weaver, J., Malladi, S., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Risk reduction modeling of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus titers in non-pasteurized liquid egg obtained from infected but undetected chicken flocks. Risk Analysis. doi: 10.1111/risa.12374.

Practical aspects of surveillance for avian influenza in poultry - (Abstract Only)

Application of new vaccine technology to improve immunity and productivity: advantages and challenges - (Abstract Only)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Application of new vaccine technology to improve immunity and productivity: advantages and challenges [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American College of Poultry Veterinarians, March 22, 2015, Sacramento, California. CDROM.

Identification of viral epitopes recognized on the hemagglutinin protein of the H7N9 avian influenza virus involved with virus neutralization - (Abstract Only)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Chrzastek, K. 2015. Identification of viral epitopes recognized on the hemagglutinin protein of the H7N9 avian influenza virus involved with virus neutralization [abstract]. 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, Athens, Georgia. p. 71.

Overview of H5N8 avian influenza virus outbreaks – SEPRL research activities - (Abstract Only)

Pathogenesis and transmission of H7 and H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards including the recent intercontinental H5 viruses (H5N8 and H5N2) - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Costa-Hurtado, M., Dejesus, E., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Pathogenesis and transmission of H7 and H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards including the recent intercontinental H5 viruses (H5N8 and H5N2) [abstract]. 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, Athens, Georgia. p. 37.

Isolation and genetic characterization of avian influenza viruses from wild birds in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine (2006-2011) - (Abstract Only)

Muzyka, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Stegniy, B., Rula, O., Stegniy, A., Gerylovich, A. 2015. Isolation and genetic characterization of avian influenza viruses from wild birds in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine (2006-2011) [abstract]. 9th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, Athens, Georgia. p. 59.

Impact of route of exposure and challenge dose on the pathogenesis of H7N9 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in chickens

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Kapczynski, D.R. 2015. Impact of route of exposure and challenge dose on the pathogenesis of H7N9 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in chickens. Virology. 477:72-81.

Characterization of 10 adjuvants for inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccines against challenge with highly pathogenic AIV in chickens - (Abstract Only)

Antigenic cartography of H9N2 virus and its impact on the vaccine efficacy in chickens - (Abstract Only)

Antibody titer has positive predictive value for vaccine protection against challenge with natural antigenic-drift variants of H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from Indonesia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Jadhao, S., Dauphin, G., Kim-Torchetti, M., Mcgrane, J., Weaver, J., Daniels, P., Wong, F., Selleck, P., Wiyono, A., Indriani, R., Yupiana, Y., Sawitri Siregar, E., Prajitno, T., Smith, D., Fouchier, R. 2015. Antibody titer has positive predictive value for vaccine protection against challenge with natural antigenic-drift variants of H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from Indonesia. Journal of Virology. 89(7):3746-3762. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00025-15.

The performance characteristics of lateral flow devices with 2 strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus - (Abstract Only)

Update on H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mexico - (Abstract Only)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Update on H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mexico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 23-25, 2015, Sacramento, California. CDROM.

Diagnostics and surveillance methods - (Book / Chapter)

The impact of H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine antigenic variation on virus infectious dose in chickens - (Abstract Only)

Experimental co-infection of SPF chickens with low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes H9N2, H5N2 and H7N9, and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) - (Abstract Only)

Costa-Hurtado, M., Smith, D.M., Jackwood, M., Spackman, E., Shepherd, E.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2015. Experimental co-infection of SPF chickens with low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes H9N2, H5N2 and H7N9, and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) [abstract]. 2015 International Poultry Scientific Forum, January 26-27, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia. CDROM.

Avian influenza virus - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2016. Avian influenza virus. In: Liu, D. editor. Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens. Baca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p.377-382.

Practical aspects of vaccination of poultry against avian influenza virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2014. Practical aspects of vaccination of poultry against avian influenza virus. The Veterinary Journal. 202(3):408-415. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.017.

Variation in protection of four divergent avian influenza virus vaccine seed strains against eight clade 2.2.1 and 2.2.1.1. Egyptian H5N1 high pathogenicity variants in poultry

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Wan, X., Torchetti, M., Hassan, M., Suarez, D.L., Sa E Silva, M. 2014. Variation in protection of four divergent avian influenza virus vaccine seed strains against eight clade 2.2.1 and 2.2.1.1. Egyptian H5N1 high pathogenicity variants in poultry. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. doi: 10.1111/irv.12290.

Detection of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus with lateral flow devices: performance with healthy, sick and dead chickens - (Abstract Only)

Respiratory diseases of global consequence - (Proceedings)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E. 2014. Respiratory diseases of global consequence. In: Proceedings of the Respiratory Diseases Symposium. Annual Meeting of the American Association of Avian Pathologists, July 25-30, 2014, Denver, Colorado. CDROM.

Characterization of the 2012 highly pathogenic H7N3 virus in Mexico: pathobiology and vaccine protection - (Abstract Only)

Optimizing surveillance for South American origin influenza A viruses along the United States Gulf Coast through genomic characterization of isolates from blue-winged teal (Anas discors) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ramey, A., Walther, P., Link, P., Poulson, R., Wilcox, B., Newsome, G., Spackman, E., Brown, J., Stallknecht, D. 2014. Optimizing surveillance for South American origin influenza A viruses along the United States Gulf Coast through genomic characterization of isolates from blue-winged teal (Anas discors) . Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12244.

Role of poultry in the H7N9 influenza outbreaks in China - (Trade Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Costa-Hurtado, M., Susta, L., Suarez, D.L. 2014. Role of poultry in the H7N9 influenza outbreaks in China. Feedinfo News Service. April 2014. Available: http://www.feedinfo.com.

Potency, efficacy, and antigenic mapping of H7 avian influenza virus vaccines against the 2012 H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from Mexico

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Wan, X., Kapczynski, D.R., Xu, Y., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2014. Potency, efficacy, and antigenic mapping of H7 avian influenza virus vaccines against the 2012 H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from Mexico. Avian Diseases. 58:359-366.

Role of poultry in the spread of novel H7N9 influenza virus in China

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Susta, L., Costa-Hurtado, M., Suarez, D.L. 2014. Role of poultry in the spread of novel H7N9 influenza virus in China. Journal of Virology. 88(10):5381-5390. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03689-13.

A brief introduction to avian influenza virus - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2014. A brief introduction to avian influenza virus. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus: Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 1161. London: Humana Press. p. 61-68.

Avian influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2014. Avian influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus: Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 1161. London: Humana Press. p. 105-118.

Avian influenza virus RNA extraction - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Lee, S.A. 2014. Avian influenza virus RNA extraction. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus: Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 1161. London: Humana Press. p. 93-104.

Influenza subtype identification with molecular methods - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2014. Influenza subtype identification with molecular methods. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus: Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 1161. p. 119-123.

Avian influenza virus isolation, propagation and titration in embryonated chicken eggs - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Killian, M.L. 2014. Avian influenza virus isolation, propagation and titration in embryonated chicken eggs. In: Spackman, E., editor. Animal Influenza Virus: Methods in Molecular Biology. Volume 1161. London: Humana Press. p. 125-140.

Respiratory diseases of global consequence - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E. 2014. Respiratory diseases of global consequence [abstract]. In: Abstracts of 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, July 26-29, 2014, Denver, Colorado. CDROM.

Efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccines for protection of poultry against the H7N9 low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in China during 2013 - (Abstract Only)

Pathogenesis and transmission of novel 2013 H7N9 LPAIV from China in chickens - (Abstract Only)

Experimental infection of mallard ducks with different subtype H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Abstract Only)

Vaccine protection of chickens against the 2012 mexican H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus - (Abstract Only)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Ricardez, Y., Guzman, S., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2014. Vaccine protection of chickens against the 2012 mexican H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus [abstract]. Western Poultry Disease Conference, April 2-5, 2014, Pureto Vallarta, Mexico. CDROM. p.179.

Virus interference between H7N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus and lentogenic Newcastle disease virus in experimental co-infections in chickens and turkeys

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Costa-Hurtado, M., Afonso, C.L., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Swayne, D.E., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Zsak, A., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2014. Virus interference between H7N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus and lentogenic Newcastle disease virus in experimental co-infections in chickens and turkeys. Veterinary Research. 45:1.

Using quantitative disease dynamics as a tool for guiding response to avian influenza in poultry in the United States of America

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pepin, K., Spackman, E., Brown, J., Pabilonia, K., Garber, L., Weaver, T., Kennedy, D., Patyk, K., Huyvaert, K., Miller, R., Franklin, A., Pedersen, K., Bogich, T., Rohani, P., Shriner, S., Webb, C., Riley, S. 2014. Using quantitative disease dynamics as a tool for guiding response to avian influenza in poultry in the United States of America. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 113(4):376-397. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.11.011.

Role of poultry in the H7N9 influenza outbreaks in China - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Susta, L., Costa-Hurtado, M., Suarez, D.L. 2014. Role of poultry in the H7N9 influenza outbreaks in China [abstract]. International Poultry Scientific Forum, January 27-29, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia. CDROM.

Lessons learned from influenza in swine and poultry - (Abstract Only)

Pathogenesis and transmission of H7N9 influenza virus in poultry - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Torchetti, M., Susta, L., Suarez, D.L. 2013. Pathogenesis and transmission of H7N9 influenza virus in poultry [abstract]. Abstracts for the Options for the Control of Influenza VIII Meeting, Cape Town, South Africa, September 4-10, 2013. p.6.

Understanding the 2013 H7N9 avian influenza outbreak in poultry: field epidemiology and experimental pathogenesis studies - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Hamilton, K. 2013. Understanding the 2013 H7N9 avian influenza outbreak in poultry: field epidemiology and experimental pathogenesis studies [abstract]. Abstracts for Influenza 2013: One Influenza, One World and One Health, Oxford, United Kingdom, September 17-19,2013. CDROM.

Are we detecting what we think we are? CEIRS QA/QC testing results - (Abstract Only)

Pathogenesis and transmission of H7N9 influenza virus in poultry - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Torchetti, M., Susta, L., Suarez, D.L. 2013. Pathogenesis and transmission of H7N9 influenza virus in poultry [abstract]. Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance meeting, July 7-10, 2013, Memphis, Tennessee. p. 36.

Experimental co-infection of poultry with avian influenza and newcastle disease virus - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Afonso, C.L., Miller, P.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Cha, R., Costa-Hurtado, M., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2013. Experimental co-infection of poultry with avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus [abstract]. Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance Annual Meeting. p. 64.

Antibodies to H5 subtype avian influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus in northern pintails (Anas acuta) sampled in Japan

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ramey, A., Spackman, E., Yeh, J., Fujita, G., Konishi, K., Uchida, K., Reed, J., Wilcox, B., Brown, J., Stallknecht, D. 2013. Antibodies to H5 subtype avian influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus in northern pintails (Anas acuta) sampled in Japan. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research. 61(3):117-123.

Protection of poultry against the 2012 Mexican H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus with inactivated H7 avian influenza vaccines - (Proceedings)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Ricardez, Y., Guzman, S., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2013. Protection of poultry against the 2012 Mexican H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus with inactivated H7 avian influenza vaccines. In: Proceedings of 25th Avi-Mex Annual Meeting, June 26-28th, 2013, in Mexico City, Mexico. CDROM.

Characterization of the 2012 highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 virus isolated from poultry in an outbreak in Mexico: pathobiology and vaccine protection

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Guzman, S.G., Ricardez, Y., Spackman, E., Bertran, K., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2013. Characterization of the 2012 highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 virus isolated from poultry in an outbreak in Mexico: pathobiology and vaccine protection. Journal of Virology. 87(16):9086-9096. Available: http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2013/06/05/JVI.00666-13.long

Success factors for avian influenza vaccine use in poultry and potential impact at the wild bird-agricultural interface

- (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2013. Success factors for avian influenza vaccine use in poultry and potential impact at the wild bird-agricultural interface. EcoHealth. 11:94-108. DOI:10.1007/s10393-013-0861-3.

Transcriptional analysis of the innate immune response of ducks to different species-of-origin low pathogenic H7 avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Maughan, M., Dougherty, L., Preskenis, L., Ladman, B., Gelb, J., Spackman, E., Keeler, C. 2013. Transcriptional analysis of the innate immune response of ducks to different species-of-origin low pathogenic H7 avian influenza viruses. Virology Journal. 10:94. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-94.

Vaccination of gallinaceous poultry for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza: Current questions and new technology - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2013. Vaccination of gallinaceous poultry for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza: Current questions and new technology. Virus Research. 178(1):121-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.03.004.

Emergence of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza strains in Indonesia that are resistant to vaccines - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Jadhao, S., Indriani, R., Yupiana, Y., Suarez, D.L. 2013. Emergence of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza strains in Indonesia that are resistant to vaccines [abstract]. Abstracts of the Annual meeting of American Veterinary Medical Association of Avian Pathologists and the American Veterinary Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois, July 20-23,2013. p.446.

Experimental co-infection of chickens and turkeys with avian influenza and newcastle disease viruses - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Cha, R., Swayne, D.E. 2013. Experimental co-infection of chickens and turkeys with avian influenza and newcastle disease viruses [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Meeting, July 20-23,2013, Chicago, IL. CDROM.

Optimal specimen collection and transport methods for the detection of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pedersen, J.C., Mckinley, E.T., Gelb, J. 2013. Optimal specimen collection and transport methods for the detection of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus. BioMed Central (BMC) Veterinary Research. 9(35). DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-35.

The affect of infectious bursal disease virus on avian influenza virus vaccine efficacy - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2013. The affect of infectious bursal disease virus on avian influenza virus vaccine efficacy [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologist. CDROM.

Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against the H5 subtype of Influenza A virus in waterfowl - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lebarbenchon, C., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Kistler, W., Luttrell, P., Spackman, E., Stallknecht, D., Brown, J. 2012. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against the H5 subtype of Influenza A virus in waterfowl. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 7(6):1237-1240. DOI:10.1111/irv.12070.

Evaluation of inactivated avian influenza H7 vaccines for protection of chickens against a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N3 isolated from chickens in Jalisco, Mexico, during 2012 - (Proceedings)

Kapczynski, D.R., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Ricardez, Y., Guzman, S., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2013. Evaluation of inactivated avian influenza H7 vaccines for protection of chickens against a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N3 isolated from chickens in Jalisco, Mexico, during 2012. Proceedings of Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. CDROM.

Current status and future needs in diagnostics and vaccines for high pathogenicity avian influenza - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E. 2013. Current status and future needs in diagnostics and vaccines for high pathogenicity avian influenza. Developments in Biologicals. 135:79-94.

The effects of pooling, swab type and transport conditions on avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus detection - (Abstract Only)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus among wild birds in Mongolia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Gilbert, M., Jambal, L., Karesh, W., Fine, A., Shiilegdamba, E., Dulam, P., Sodnomdarjaa, R., Ganzorig, K., Batchuluun, D., Tseveenmyadag, N., Bolortuya, P., Cardona, C., Leung, C., Peiris, M., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Joly, D. 2012. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus among wild birds in Mongolia. PLoS One. 7(9):e44097.

Avian influenza virus wild bird surveillance in the Azov and Black Sea regions of Ukraine (2010-2011) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Muzyka, D., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Stegniy, B., Rula, O., Shutchenko, P. 2012. Avian influenza virus wild bird surveillance in the Azov and Black Sea regions of Ukraine (2010-2011). Avian Diseases. 56:1010-1016.

Experimental co-infection studies with avian influenza viruses and Newcastle Disease viruses in chickens, turkeys and domestic ducks - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Cha, R., Sa E Silva, M., Swayne, D.E. 2012. Experimental co-infection studies with avian influenza viruses and Newcastle Disease viruses in chickens, turkeys and domestic ducks [abstract]. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. p.139.

Susceptibility of avian species to north american H13 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Brown, J., Poulson, R., Carter, D., Lebarbenchon, C., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Shepherd, E.M., Killian, M., Stallknecht, D. 2012. Susceptibility of avian species to north american H13 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Avian Diseases. 56:969–975.

Differences in pathogenicity, response to vaccination, and innate immune responses in different types of ducks infected with a virulent H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from Vietnam - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Cagle, C.A., Wasilenko, J.L., Adams, S., Cardona, C., To, T., Nguyen, T., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Smith, D.M., Shepherd, E.M., Roth, J.P., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2012. Differences in pathogenicity, response to vaccination, and innate immune responses in different types of ducks infected with a virulent H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from Vietnam. Avian Diseases. 56:479-487.

Improvements in avian influenza virus (AIV) specimen collection, transport and processing - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Mckinley, E.T. 2012. Improvements in avian influenza virus (AIV) specimen collection, transport and processing [abstract]. 8th International Symposium on Avian Influenza. p.32.

Viral diagnostics: will new technology save the day - (Review Article)

Spackman, E. 2012. Viral diagnostics: will new technology save the day? Avian Pathology. 41(3):251-258.

Comparative susceptibility of avian species to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H13 subtype - (Abstract Only)

Brown, J., Poulson, R., Carter, D., Lebarbenchon, C., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Franca, M., Spackman, E., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Howerth, E., Stallknecht', D. 2012. Comparative susceptibility of avian species to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H13 subtype. Meeting Abstract. 8th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, London, UK. April 1-4, 2012. p.46.

Low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses infect chicken layers by different routes of inoculation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Smith, D.M., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E.V. 2012. Low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses infect chicken layers by different routes of inoculation. Avian Diseases. 56:276-281.

Characaterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 2006-2008 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Wasilenko, J.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Khan, T., Ahmed, A., Rehmani, S., Lone, N., Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E. 2012. Characaterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 2006-2008. Virus Genes. 44:247-52.

Comparison of pooling 11 or 5 oropharyngeal swabbings for detecting avian influenza virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in broiler chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ladman, B., Spackman, E., Gelb, J. 2012. Comparison of pooling 11 or 5 oropharyngeal swabbings for detecting avian influenza virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in broiler chickens. Avian Diseases. 56(1):227-229.

H7 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens against challenge with antigenically diverse isolates - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Abbas, M.A., Spackman,E., Fouchier, R., Smith, D., Ahmed,Z., Siddique,N., Sarmento,L., Naeem,K., McKinley, E.T., Hameed,A., Rehmani,S., Swayne, D.E. 2011. H7 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens against challenge with antigenically diverse isolates. Vaccine. 29(43):7424-7429.

Pekin and Muscovy ducks respond differently to vaccination with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) commercial inactivated vaccine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Cagle, C.A., To, T., Nguyen, T., Wasilenko, J.L., Adams, S.C., Cardona, C.J., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2011. Pekin and Muscovy ducks respond differently to vaccination with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) commercial inactivated vaccine. Vaccine. 29(38):6549-6557.

Protection of chickens to antigenically variant avian influenza virus challenge after immunization with two antigenically unrelated strains of the same subtype - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E., Mckinley, E.T. 2011. Protection of chickens to antigenically variant avian influenza virus challenge after immunization with two antigenically unrelated strains of the same subtype. In: Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, August 14-18, 2011, Cancun, Mexico. p. 244-245.

An evaluation of optimal methods for avian influenza virus sample collection - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Mckinley, E.T. 2011. An evaluation of optimal methods for avian influenza virus sample collection [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, July 16-19, 2011. CD-ROM.

Determination of efficacious vaccine seed strains for use against Egyptian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses through antigenic cartography and in vivo challenge studies - (Abstract Only)

Eggert, D.L., Spackman, E., Kim, M., Rue, C.A., Smith, D.J., Farag, L.O., Ahmed, N., Mohamed, A., Aly, M., Hassan, M., Fouchier, R., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2011. Determination of efficacious vaccine seed strains for use against Egyptian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses through antigenic cartography and in vivo challenge studies [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, July 16-19, 2011. CD-ROM.

The pathogenicity of H7 subtype avian influenza viruses in chickens, turkeys and ducks - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Gelb, J., Preskenis, L., Ladman, B., Pope, C., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Mckinley, E.T. 2010. The pathogenesis of low pathogenicity H7 avian influenza viruses in chickens, ducks and turkeys. Virology Journal. 7:331.

Update on poultry viral diseases research conducted at Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Afonso, C.L., Miller, P.J., Zsak, L., Day, J.M., Yu, Q. 2011. Update on poultry viral diseases research conducted at Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory [abstract]. Proceedings of the United States Animal Health Association 114th Annual Meeting, November 17, 2010, Minneapolis, MN. p. 526-527.

Molecular characterization of avian astroviruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Strother, K.O., Zsak, L., Mundt, E., Day, J.M., Spackman, E. 2011. Molecular characterization of avian astroviruses. Archives of Virology. 156(2):235-244.

Evidence for a new avian paramyxovirus serotype-10 detected in Rockhopper penguins from the Falkland Islands - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., Spackman, E., Scott, M.A., Pedersen, J.C., Senne, D.A., Brown, J.D., Fuller, C.M., Uhart, M.M., Karesh, W.B., Brown, I.H., Alexander, D.J., Swayne, D.E. 2010. Evidence for a new avian paramyxovirus serotype-10 detected in Rockhopper penguins from the Falkland Islands. Journal of Virology. 84(21):11496-11504.

Different routes of transmission of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in chicken layers - (Abstract Only)

The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine influenza virus in chickens, turkeys and ducks - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mckinley, E.T., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2010. The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine influenza virus in chickens, turkeys and ducks. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 4:353-356.

Novel routes of transmission of influenza viruses in poultry species - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Wasilenko, J.L., Kapczynski, D.R., Cagle, C.A. 2010. Novel routes of transmission of influenza viruses in poultry [abstract]. Options for the Control of Influenza Conference, September 2-7, 1010, Hong Kong, SAR, China. p. 111.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of H7N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 1995-2004 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Abbas, M.A., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Ahmed, Z., Sarmento, L., Siddique, N., Naeem, K., Hameed, A., Rehmani, S. 2010. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of H7N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 1995-2004. Virology Journal. 7:137.

Real time reverse transcription (RRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and European swine influenza A virus infections in pigs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Slomka, M., Densham, A., Coward, V.J., Essen, S., Brookes, S.M., Irvine, R.M., Spackman, E., Ridgeon, J., Gardner, R., Hanna, A., Suarez, D.L., Brown, I. 2010. Real time reverse transcription (RRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and European swine influenza A virus infections in pigs. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 4:277-293.

Development and validation of a real-time RT-PCR assay for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus in veterinary specimens - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Killian, M.L., Koster, L., Swenson, S., Pedersen, J., Vincent, A.L., Lager, K.M., Jenkins-Moore, M., Schmitt, B. 2010. Development and validation of a real-time RT-PCR assay for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus in veterinary specimens [abstract]. Swine Origin H1N1: The First Pandemic of the 21st Century meeting, April 18-20, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia. p. 30.

Characterization and efficacy determination of commercially available Central American H5N2 avian influenza vaccines for poultry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Eggert, D.L., Thomas, C., Spackman, E., Pritchard, N., Rojo, F., Bublot, M., Swayne, D.E. 2010. Characterization and efficacy determination of commercially available Central American H5N2 avian influenza vaccines for poultry. Vaccine. 28:4609-4615.

Novel route of exposure explains outbreaks of pH1N1 influenza in turkeys - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Wasilenko, J.L., Kapczynski, D.R. 2010. Novel route of exposure explains outbreaks of pH1N1 influenza in turkeys [abstract]. Swine Origin H1N1 Virus: The First Pandemic of the 21st Century meeting, April 18-20, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia.

Experimental studies with homologous subtype vaccines produced with multiple antigenically different seed strains - (Abstract Only)

Experimental inoculation of specific pathogen free broiler chickens with a thyroid homogenate, containing chicken astrovirus, which was collected from broiler chickens with runting-stunting syndrome - (Abstract Only)

Novel route of exposure through reproductive tract insemination infects turkeys with pandemic-H1N1 virus - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Wasilenko, J.L., Cagle, C.A., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2010. Novel route of exposure through reproductive tract insemination infects turkeys with pandemic-H1N1 virus [abstract]. American Society for Virology 29th Annual Meeting, July 17-21, 2010, Bozeman, Montana. p. 279.

Susceptibility of turkeys to pandemic H1N1 virus by reproductive tract insemination - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2010. Susceptibility of turkeys to pandemic H1N1 virus by reproductive tract insemination. Virology Journal. 7:27.

The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine influenza virus in chickens and turkeys - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2010. The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine influenza virus in chickens and turkeys [abstract]. International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses, February 3-5, 2010, Amelia Island, Florida. p. 36.

Research update on avian influenza viruses and H1N1 influenza virus in poultry - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E. 2009. Research update on avian influenza viruses and H1N1 influenza virus in poultry [abstract]. 44th United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources, November 30-December 5, 2009, Tsukuba, Japan. p. 28.

Characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Mongolia 2005 through 2007 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Gilbert, M., Joly, D., Karesh, W., Suarez, D.L., Sodnomdarjaa, R., Dulam, P., Cardona, C. 2009. Characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Mongolia 2005 through 2007. Virology Journal. 6:190.

Susceptibility of poultry to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2009. Susceptibility of poultry to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 15(12):2061-2063.

Astrovirus, reovirus and rotavirus concomitant infection causes decreased weight gain in broad-breasted white poults - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2010. Astrovirus, reovirus and rotavirus concomitant infection causes decreased weight gain in broad-breasted white poults. Avian Diseases. 54:16-21.

Biologic characterization of H4, H6, and H9 type low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from wild birds in chickens and turkeys - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Morales,Jr., A., Hilt, D.A., Williams, S.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Stallknecht, D.E., Jackwood, M.W. 2009. Biologic characterization of H4, H6, and H9 type low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from wild birds in chickens and turkeys. Avian Diseases. 53:552-562.

Removal of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) inhibitors associated with cloacal swab samples and tissues for improved diagnosis of avian influenza virus by RT-PCR - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L. 2009. Removal of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) inhibitors associated with cloacal swab samples and tissues for improved diagnosis of avian influenza virus by RT-PCR. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 21:771-778.

Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pedersen, J., Killian, M., Hines, N., Senne, D., Panigrahy, B., Ip, H., Spackman, E. 2010. Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus. Avian Diseases. 54:639-643.

Differences in pathogenicity and response to vaccination between Pekin and Muscovy ducks infected with H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza viruses - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2009. Differences in pathogenicity and response to vaccination between Pekin and Muscovy ducks infected with H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza viruses [abstract]. 5th Orthomyxovirus Research Conference, September 9-12, 2009, Freiburg, Germany. p. 34.

Epidemiology of HPAI in wild birds in Mongolia - (Abstract Only)

Gilbert, M., Joly, D.O., Karesh, W.B., Brown, J.D., Stallknecht, D.E., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Cardona, C. 2009. Epidemiology of HPAI in wild birds in Mongolia [abstract]. Abstracts of the Wildlife Disease Association Annual Meeting, August 2-6, 2009, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. p. 61.

An evaluation of poultry avian influenza diagnostic methods with domestic duck specimens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2009. An evaluation of avian influenza diagnostic methods with domestic duck specimens. Avian Diseases. 53(2):276-280.

Antigenic cartographic analysis of H7 avian influenza viruses with chicken serum - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Fouchier, R., Sarmento, L., Abbas, A., Rehmani, S. 2009. Antigenic cartographic analysis of H7 avian influenza viruses with chicken serum [abstract]. 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, April 5-8, 2009, Athens, Georgia. p. 24.

Analysis of H7 avian influenza viruses by antigenic cartography and correlation to protection by vaccination - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Fouchier, R., Sarmento, L., Abbas, A. 2009. Analysis of H7 avian influenza viruses by antigenic cartography and correlation to protection by vaccination [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, July 11-14, 2009, Seattle, Washington. 2009 CDROM.

The ecology of avian influenza virus in wild birds: What does this mean for poultry - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E. 2009. The ecology of avian influenza virus in wild birds: What does this mean for poultry? Poultry Science. 88:847-850.

Influenza A virus infections in land birds, People's Republic of China - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peterson, A.T., Bush, S.E., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Hon, S. 2008. Influenza A virus infections in land birds, People's Republic of China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14(10):1644-1646.

Identification of Viruses Present in Tissues Collected from Chickens with Hypoglycemia-Spiking Mortality Syndrome (H-SMS). - (Abstract Only)

Davis, J., Spackman, E., Kulkarni, A., Briese, T. 2008. Identification of viruses present in tissues collected from chickens with hypoglycemia-spiking mortality syndrome (H-SMS) [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, July 19-23, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana. 2008 CDROM.

Rarity of influenza A virus in spring shorebirds, southern Alaska - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Winker, K., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Rarity of influenza A virus in spring shorebirds, southern Alaska. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14(8):1314-1316.

Domestic pigs have low susceptibility to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lipatov, A.S., Kwon, Y., Sarmento, L., Lager, K.M., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Domestic pigs have low susceptibility to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Public Library of Science for Pathogens [serial online]. 4(7):e1000102. Available: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000102.

Analytical validation of a real-time RT-PCR test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Ip, H.S., Suarez, D.L., Slemons, R., Stallknecht, D. 2008. Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype avian influenza viruses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 20:612-616.

Evaluation of an updated real-time RT-PCR test for the identification of the H7 subtype - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Evaluation of an updated real-time RT-PCR test for the identification of the H7 subtype [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, July 19-23, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana. 2008 CDROM.

Turkey origin reovirus-induced immune dysfunction in specific-pathogen free and commercial turkey poults - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Day, J.M., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2008. Turkey-origin reovirus induced immune dysfunction in specific-pathogen free and commercial turkey poults. Avian Diseases. 52:387-391.

Isolation and molecular characterization of avian rotaviruses originally detected in enteric samples collected from commercial turkey flocks. - (Abstract Only)

Do crocodilians get the flu?: Looking for influenza A in captive crocodilians - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Davis, L.M., Spackman, E. 2008. Do crocodilians get the flu? Looking for influenza A in captive crocodilians. Journal of Experimental Zoology. 309A:571-580.

Isolation of avian rotaviruses from a normal turkey flock and from a flock with signs of enteric disease - (Abstract Only)

Detection, isolation and characterization of turkey-origin rotaviruses present in commercial flocks in the United States - (Proceedings)

Day, J. M., Spackman, E., Pantin-Jackwood, M. J., Zsak, L. 2008. Detection, isolation and characterization of turkey-origin rotaviruses present in commercial flocks in the United States. In: Proceedings of the 57th Western Poultry Disease Conference, April 9-12, 2008, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. p. 91-92.

Enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the United States between 2005 and 2006 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Day, J.M., Jackwood, M.W., Spackman, E. 2008. Enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the United States between 2005 and 2006. Avian Diseases. 52:235-244.

Pathogenesis of type 2 turkey astroviruses with variant capsid genes in 2-day-old specific pathogen free poults - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2008. Pathogenesis of type 2 turkey astroviruses with variant capsid genes in 2-day-old specific pathogen free poults. Avian Pathology. 37(2):193-201.

Assessment of reduced vaccine dose on efficacy of an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against an H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goetz, S., Spackman, E., Hayhow, C., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Assessment of reduced vaccine dose on efficacy of an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against an H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 17:145-150.

Detection, isolation and characterization of turkey-origin rotaviruses present in commercial flocks in the United States - (Abstract Only)

A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Steel, J., Burmakina, V., Thomas, C., Spackman, E., Garcia-Sastre, A., Swayne, D.E., Palese, P. 2008. A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine. 26:522-531.

Research update on exotic and emerging poultry diseases - (Proceedings)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Zsak, L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., King, D.J., Afonso, C.L., Day, J.M., Spatz, S.J., Yu, Q., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Research update on exotic and emerging poultry diseases. In: Proceedings of the 111th Annual Meeting of the U. S. Animal Health Association, Reno, Nevada, October 22-23, 2007. p. 702-707. Available: http://www.usaha.org/meetings/2007/2007_USAHA_Proceedings.pdf.

Detection of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in meat and tracheal samples from experimentally infected chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Thomas, C., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Detection of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in meat and tracheal samples from experimentally infected chickens. Avian Diseases. 52:40-48.

Further improvement and validation of MagMAX-96 AI/ND viral RNA isolation for efficient removal of RT-PCR inhibitors from cloacal swabs and tissues for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus by RT reverse transcription PCR - (Proceedings)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Further improvement and validation of MagMAX-96 AI/ND viral RNA isolation for efficient removal of RT-PCR inhibitors from cloacal swabs and tissues for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus by RT reverse transcription PCR. In: Proceedings of the 50th American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Conference, October 18-24, 2007, Reno, Nevada, p.32.

Characterization of low pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., Killian, M.L., Pasick, J., Handel, K., Pillai, S.P., Lee, C., Stallknecht, D., Slemons, R., Ip, H.S., Deliberto, T. 2007. Characterization of low- pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from North America. Journal of Virology. 81(21):11612-11619.

Avian influenza diagnostics and surveillance methods - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D. 2008. Avian influenza diagnostics and surveillance methods. In: Swayne, D.E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus. Ames, IA: Blackwell. p. 299-308.

Studies on H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in vivo - (Abstract Only)

Wasilenko, J.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Lee, C., Kapczynski, D.R., Sarmento, L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Studies on H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in vivo. In: Proceedings of the 4th Orthomyxoviruses Research Conference, September 21-24, 2007, MBL, Woods Hole, MA. p.73.

Avian influenza virus RNA extraction from tissue and swab material - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2008. Avian influenza virus RNA extraction from tissue and swab material. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 13-18.

Type-A influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Type-A influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 19-26.

Real time RT-PCR for the H5 HA subtype - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Detection and identification of the H5 hemagglutinin subtype by real-time RT-PCR. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana press. p. 27-34.

A brief introduction to avian influenza virus - (Book / Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2008. A brief introduction to avian influenza virus. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 1-6.

Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus reassortants in chickens - (Proceedings)

Pantin-Jackwood, M., Lee, C-W, Kapczynski, D.R., Sarmento, S., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza virus reassortants in chickens. In proceedings of Options for the Control of Influenza VI, June 17-23, 2007. Toronto, ON. Canada. p. 546-548.

Age at infection affects the pathogenicity of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in ducks - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Age at infection affects the pathogenicity of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in ducks. Virus Research. 130:151-161.

Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for turkey cytokines - (Abstract Only)

Evaluation of poultry diagnostic tests for avial influenza virus in duck origin samples - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2007. Evaluation of poultry diagnostic tests for avial influenza virus in duck origin samples [abstract]. 144th American Veterinary Medical Association Annual Convention, July 14-18, 2007, Washington, DC. CDROM.

Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in chickens - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Lee, C.W., Kapczynski, D.R., Sarmento, L., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in chickens [abstract]. Options for the Control of Influenza VI Conference, Abstract book. June 17-23, 2007, Toronto, Canada. p. 260.

An initial evaluation of the pathogenesis of turkey-origin avian reovirus in poults - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Stephens, C.B. 2007. An initial evaluation of the pathogenesis of turkey-origin avian reovirus in poults [abstract]. Poultry Science Association Meeting. Abstract 65.

Genetic analysis of the H5 HA from North American wild bird origin avian influenza viruses - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D., Pasick, J., Handel, K., Ip, H., Slemons, R., Stallknecht, D. 2007. Genetic analysis of the H5 HA from North American wild bird origin avian influenza viruses [abstract]. Options for the Control of Influenza VI Conference, June 17-23, 2007, Toronto, Canada. p. 171.

A multiplex RT-PCR test for the differential identification of turkey astrovirus type-1, turkey astrovirus type-2, chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus and avian rotavirus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2007. A multiplex RT-PCR test for the differential identification of turkey astrovirus type-1, turkey astrovirus type-2, chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus and avian rotavirus. Avian Diseases. 51:681-684.

Periodic monitoring of commercial turkeys for enteric viruses indicates continuous presence of astrovirus and rotavirus on the farms - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Rives, D. 2007. Periodic monitoring of commercial turkeys for enteric viruses indicates continuous presence of astrovirus and rotavirus on the farms. Avian Diseases. 51:674-680.

Avian influenza research update - (Proceedings)

Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2007. Avian influenza research update. In: Proceedings of the 110th Annual Meeting of the U.S. Animal Health Association, October 12-18, 2006, Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 642-644.

Movements of birds and avian influenza from Asia into Alaska - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Winker, K., Mccracken, K.G., Gibson, D.D., Pruett, C.L., Meier, R., Huettmann, F., Wege, M., Kulikova, I.V., Zhuravlev, Y.N., Perdue, M. ., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Movements of birds and avian influenza from Asia into Alaska. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13(4):547-552.

Characteristics of diagnostic tests used in the 2002 low pathogenicity avian influenza H7N2 outbreak in Virginia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Elvinger, F., Akey, B., Senne, D.A., Pierson, F., Porter-Spalding, B., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Characteristics of diagnostic tests used in the 2002 low pathogenicity avian influenza H7N2 outbreak in Virginia. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 19(4):341-348.

INACTIVATED NORTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN H5N2 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINES PROTECT CHICKENS FROM ASIAN H5N1 HIGH PATHOGENICITY AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Lee, C.W., Spackman, E. 2006. Inactivated North American and European H5N2 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens from Asian H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Avian Pathology. 35(2):141-146.

Why are avian influenza viruses emerging and what tools are needed to prevent and control the infection and disease? - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Afonso, C.L. 2007. Why are avian influenza viruses emerging and what tools are needed to prevent and control the infection and disease?. In: Proceedings of the 110th Annual Meeting of the U.S. Animal Health Association, October 12-18, 2006, Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 728-729.

Pathogenicity of turkey astroviruses Type 2 in poults - (Proceedings)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2007. Pathogenicity of turkey astroviruses Type 2 in poults. In: Proceedings of the 56th Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 26-29, 2007, Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 5.

Multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of Astroviruses and Rotaviruses in Poultry - (Abstract Only)

Stephens, C.B., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2007. Multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of astroviruses and rotaviruses in poultry [abstract]. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. p. 32.

PATHOLOGY AND VIRUS TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF TURKEY ORIGIN REOVIRUSES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED TURKEY POULTS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2007. Pathology and virus tissue distribution of turkey origin reoviruses in experimentally infected turkey poults. Veterinary Pathology. 44:185-195.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 Genome segment of turkey-origin reoviruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2007. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 Genome segment of turkey-origin reoviruses. Virus Genes. 35:235-242.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REAL-TIME TAQMAN(R) PCR ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN POULTRY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Callison, S.A., Riblet, S.M., Sun, S., Guillermo, Z., Williams, S., Resurreccion, R., Spackman, E., Garcia, M. 2006. Development and validation of a real-time Taqman(r) PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry. Journal of Virological Methods. 139(1):31-38.

DETECTION OF H5N1 IN MEAT SAMPLES FROM EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CHICKENS - (Abstract Only)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2006. Detection of H5N1 in meat samples from experimentally infected chickens [abstract]. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. p. 40.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNAL POSITIVE CONTROL FOR RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRAL INFECTIONS BY REAL-TIME RT-PCR WITH LYOPHILIZED REAGENTS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Senne, D., Pedersen, J., Suarez, D.L. 2006. Development of an internal positive control for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus infections by real-time reverse-transcription-PCR with lyophilized reagents. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 44(9):3065-3073.

AN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS FROM WATERFOWL IN SOUTH AMERICA CONTAINS GENES FROM NORTH AMERICAN AVIAN AND EQUINE LINEAGES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Mccracken, K.G., Winker, K., Swayne, D.E. 2007. An avian influenza virus from waterfowl in South America contains genes from North American avian and equine lineages. Avian Diseases (Supplemental). 51:273-274.

H7N3 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS FOUND IN A SOUTH AMERICAN WILD DUCK IS RELATED TO THE CHILEAN 2002 POULTRY OUTBREAK, CONTAINS GENES FROM EQUINE AND NORTH AMERICAN WILD BIRD LINEAGES, AND IS ADAPTED TO DOMESTIC TURKEYS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., McCracken, K.G., Winker, K., Swayne, D.E. 2006. H7N3 avian influenza virus found in a South American wild duck is related to the Chilean 2002 poultry outbreak, contains genes from equine and North American wild bird lineages, and is adapted to domestic turkeys. Journal of Virology. 80(15):7760-7764.

Molecular characterization and typing of chicken and turkey astroviruses circulating in the United States: Implications for diagnostics. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Woolcock, P.R. 2006. Molecular characterization and typing of chicken and turkey astroviruses circulating in the United States: Implications for diagnostics. Avian Diseases. 50:397-404.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE S1 GENOME SEGMENT OF TURKEY-ORIGIN REOVIRUS - (Abstract Only)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2006. Molecular characterization of the S1 genome segment of turkey-origin reovirus. In: American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting Scientific Program, May 21-25, 2006, Orlando, Florida. 2006 CDROM.

THE PATHOGENESIS OF AGENTS ASSOCIATED WITH RUNTING-STUNTING SYNDROME OF BROILERS IN SPF TURKEYS - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2006. The pathogenesis of agents associated with runting-stunting syndrome of broilers in SPF turkeys. In: American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting Scientific Program, July 16-19, 2006, Honolulu, HI. 2006 CDROM.

BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RECENT ASIAN H5N1 STRAINS - (Abstract Only)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E. 2006. Biological and molecular characterization of recent Asian H5N1 strains [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists. CD p. 74.

EVIDENCE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION IN POULTS INFECTED WITH TURKEY-ORIGIN REOVIRUSES - (Abstract Only)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2006. Evidence of immune system dysfunction in poults infected with turkey-origin reoviruses. In: American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting Scienfitic Program, July 16-19, 2006, Honolulu, HI. 2006 CDROM.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES CIRCULATING IN THE UNITED STATES - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2006. Molecular characterization of enteric viruses circulating in the United States. In: American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting Scientific Program, July 16-19, 2006, Honolulu, Hiwaii. 2006 CDROM.

VARIATION IN THE HEMAGGLUTININ GENES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES COLLECTED FROM WILD WATER-FOWL AND SHOREBIRDS IN NORTH AMERICA - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2005. Variation in the hemagglutinin genes of avian influenza viruses collected from wild water-fowl and shorebirds in north america 1969-2002 [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists. p.62.

DETECTION METHODS FOR ENTERIC VIRUSES OF POULTRY: AN OVERVIEW AND GLIMPSES OF THE FUTURE - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E. 2006. Detection methods for enteric viruses of poultry: an overview and glimpses of the future. In: Proceedings of the Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 5-8, 2006, Sacramento, California. p. 46-50.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ASTROVIRUSES AND ROTAVIRUSES DETECTED IN TURKEY FLOCKS FROM HATCH TO 12 WEEKS OF AGE - (Proceedings)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2006. Molecular characterization of astroviruses and rotaviruses detected in turkey flocks from hatch to 12 weeks of age. In: Proceedings of the 55th Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 5-8, 2006, Sacramento, California. p.51-52

AVIAN INFLUENZA AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE SUBCOMMITTEE, INTERNATIONAL AI SITUATION, ASSESSMENT OF THREAT TO US INDUSTRY; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL AND AI INACTIVATION IN MEAT - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Pantin-Jackwood, M.J. 2006. Avian influenza and Newcastle disease subcommittee, international AI situation, assessment of threat to US industry; migratory waterfowl and AI inactivation in meat [abstract]. In: Smith, J. Report of the Committee on Transmissible Diseases of Poultry and Other Avian Species. Proceedings of the United States Animal Health Association, Richmond, Virginia. p. 45-46.

Molecular characterization of chicken and turkey astroviruses - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2006. Molecular characterization of chicken and turkey astroviruses [abstract]. International Poultry Scientific Forum Scientific Program. p.32.

EVOLUTION OF H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN ASIA: ANTIGENICITY, ANTIVIRAL DRUG SENSITIVITY AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Donis, R., Lee, C.W., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2005. Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in asia: antigenicity, antiviral drug sensitivity and vaccine development. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10:1515-1521.

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TURKEY ASTROVIRUSES REVEALS EVIDENCE OF RECOMBINATION - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Woolcock, P.R. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of turkey astroviruses reveals evidence of recombination. Virus Genes.32:187-192.

IMMUNOGENICITY OF FOWLPOX VIRUS EXPRESSING AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS H5 GENE (TROVAC® AI) IN CATS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kemal, K., Swayne, D.E., Deborah, G., Michel, B., Amy, R., Spackman, E., Robert, N. 2005. Immunogenicity of fowlpox virus expressing Avian Influenza Virus H5 gene (Trovac® AI) in cats. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 12(11):1340-1342.

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY OF THE HEMAGGLUTININ OF A RECENT INFLUENZA H2N2 VIRUS ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN IN NORTH AMERICA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Glaser, L., Zamarin, D., Acland, H.M., Spackman, E., Palese, P., Garcia-Sastre, A., Tewari, D. 2006. Sequence analysis and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin of a recent influenza h2n2 virus isolated from chicken in north america. Glycoconjugate. 23:93-99.

PATHOGENICITY OF FOUR DIFFERENT H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN DUCKS - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Beck, J.R., Spackman, E. 2005. Pathogenicity of four different H5N1 avian influenza viruses in ducks [abstract]. Research Conference on Orthomyxoviruses p.47.

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF TYPE A INFLUENZA GENES IN NATURAL RESERVOIR SPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA REVEALS GENETIC VARIATION - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Stallknecht, D.E., Slemons, R.D., Winker, K., Suarez, D.L., Scott, M.A., Swayne, D.E. 2005. Phylogenetic analyses of type a influenza genes in natural reservoir species in North America reveals genetic variation. Virus Research. 114:89-100.

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY ASTROVIRUSES - (Trade Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Sequence analysis of turkey astroviruses. Feedinfo News Service Scientific Reviews. April 2005. Available: http://www.feedinfo.com

THE PATHOGENESIS OF TURKEY ORIGIN REOVIRUSES IN TURKEYS AND CHICKENS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Day, J.M., Sellers, H. 2005. The pathogenesis of turkey origin reoviruses in turkeys and chickens. Avian Pathology 34(4):291-296.

INITIAL EVALUATION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF NOVEL TURKEY-ORIGIN REOVIRUSES - (Abstract Only)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Initial evaluation of the pathogenesis of novel turkey-origin reoviruses. In: American Society for Microbiology, June 8, 2005, Atlanta, Georgia. p.23.

NP, PB1 and PB2 viral genes contribute to altered replication of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Wasilenko, J.L., Lee, C., Sarmento, L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2008. NP, PB1 and PB2 viral genes contribute to altered replication of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in chickens. Journal of Virology. 82(9):4544-4553.

COMPARISON OF BURSAL HISTOLOGY LESIONS CAUSED BY DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF TURKEY REOVIRUS - (Proceedings)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2005. Comparison of bursal histology lesions caused by different isolates of turkey reovirus.Proceedings of Western Poultry Disease Conference, p. 126.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TURKEY ASTROVIRUSES CIRCULATING IN THE UNITED STATES - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Molecular characterization of turkey astroviruses circulating in the united states [abstract]. American Veterinary Medical Association p.73.

THE PATHOGENESIS OF TURKEY ORIGIN REOVIRUSES IN SPECIFIC PATHOGEN FREE POULTS - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Day, J.M. 2005. The pathogenesis of turkey origin reoviruses in specific pathogen free poults. Western Poultry Disease Conference. p.71-72.

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY ASTROVIRUSES ISOLATED FROM HEALTHY AND SICK BIRDS - (Abstract Only)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Sequence analysis of turkey astroviruses isolated from healthy and sick birds [abstract]. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. p.22.

2004 OUTBREAK OF HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H7N3 AVIAN INFLUENZA IN BRITISH COLUMBIA - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2005. 2004 outbreak of highly pathogenic h7n3 avian influenza in british columbia. United States Animal Health Association Proceedings. p. 563.

CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA A VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM KOREAN POULTRY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lee, C.W., Suarez, D.L., Tumpey, T.M., Sung, H., Kwon, Y., Lee, Y., Choi, J., Joh, S., Kim, M., Lee, E., Park, J., Lu, X., Katz, J.M., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Kim, J. 2005. Characterization of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza a viruses isolated from korean poultry. Journal of Virology. 79:3692-3702.

MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME RT-PCR FOR THE DETECTION OF THREE VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH POULT ENTERITIS COMPLEX: TURKEY ASTROVIRUS, TURKEY CORONAVIRUS, AND TURKEY REOVIRUS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Sellers, H., 2005. Multiplex real-time rt-pcr for the detection of three viruses associated with poult enteritis complex: turkey astrovirus, turkey coronavirus, and turkey reovirus. Avian Diseases. 49:86-91.

EVOLUTION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA IN GALLINACEOUS BIRDS IN THE LIVE-BIRD MARKET SYSTEM OF THE U.S. - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. Evolution of Avian Influenza in Gallinaceous Birds in the Live-Bird Market System of the U.S. Virus Evolution Workshop, Noble Foundation, October 22, 2004, Ardmore, Oklahoma. p. 12.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE BIOLOGY OF AVIAN INFLUENZA IN POULTRY - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E. 2005. An overview of the biology of avian influenza in poultry. American College of Poultry Veterinarians. p. 1-5.

SETTING A BAD EXAMPLE FOR EMERGING PATHOGENS: INFLUENZA AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF HOST RESTRICTION AND PATHOGENICITY SHIFTS - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2004. Setting a Bad Example For Emerging Pathogens: Influenza and Molecular Mechanisms of Host Restriction and Pathogenicity Shifts. Meeting Abstract. October, 2004.

MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME RT-PCR FOR TURKEY CORONAVIRUS, TURKEY ASTROVIRUS AND TURKEY REOVIRUS - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2004. Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Turkey Coronavirus, Turkey Astrovirus and Turkey Reovirus. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

USE OF A NOVEL VIRUS INACTIVATION METHOD FOR A MULTI-CENTER AVIAN INFLUENZA REAL-TIME RT-PCR PROFIEICNEY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. Use of a novel virus inactivation method for a multi-center avian influenza real-time rt-pcr profieicney. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 17:76-80 (2005).

IMPLICATIONS OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIA AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK TO THE U.S. POULTRY INDUSTRY - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E. 2004. Implications of the southeast asia avian influenza outbreak to the u.s. poultry industry. Meeting Abstract.

DOES LOW PATHOGENICITY H5 AND H7 AVIAN INFLUENZA POSE A THREAT? - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2004. Does Low Pathogenicity H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Pose A Threat? National Poultry Improvement Plan Meeting, 07/09/2004.

REAL-TIME RT-PCR ASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NORTH AMERICAN SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Richt, J.A., Lager, K.M., Clouser, D.F., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Yoon, K.-J. 2004. Real-time RT-PCR assays for the detection and differentiation of North American swine influenza viruses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 16:367-373.

BIRD FLU TO HUMAN FLU: TYPE A INFLUENZA AND HOST SPECIFICITY - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2004. Bird flu to human flu: type a influenza and host specificity. Meeting Abstract.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RECENT H5 SUBTYPE AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES FROM U.S. POULTRY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lee, C.W., Senne, D., Linares, J.A., Woolcock, P., Stallknecht, D., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2004. Characterization Of Recent H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses From U.S. Poultry. Avian Pathology June 2004, 33(3), p.288-297.

UPDATE ON SEPRL PEMS RESEARCH - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2004. Update on SEPRL PEMS Research. National Turkey Federation Proceedings.

SARS - CORONAVIRUS DOES NOT CAUSE DISEASE OR INFECTION IN EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED DOMESTIC POULTRY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Tumpey, T., Beck, J.R., Erdman, D., Rollin, P.E., Ksiazek, T.G. 2004. Sars - Coronavirus Does Not Cause Disease or Infection in Experimentally Inoculated Domestic Poultry. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10(5):914-916, 2004.

RESEARCH INDICATES POULTRY WERE NOT INVOLVED IN SARS OUTBREAK - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Tumpey, T., Beck, J.R., Erdman, D., Rollin, P.E., Ksiazek, T.G. 2004. Research Indicates Poultry Were Not Involved in Sars Outbreak. United States Animal Health Association Proceedings, p494-495, 2004.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REAL-TIME RT-PCR TEST FOR AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE 1 AND EXOTIC NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Wise, M., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., King, D.J., Swayne, D.E., Lee, C.W., Seal, B.S. 2003. Development and Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR Test for Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 and Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians.

AN ASSESSMENT OF REAL-TIME RT-PCR ROBUSTNESS USING AN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS PROFICIENCY PANEL - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2003. An Assessment of Real-Time RT-PCR Robustness Using an Avian Influenza Virus Proficiency Panel. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians.

RECOMBINATION RESULTING IN VIRULENCE SHIFT IN AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK, CHILE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Banks, J., Brown, I.H., Essen, S.C., Lee, C.W., Manvell, R.J., Mathieu-Benson, C., Marreno, V., Pedersen, J., Panigrahy, B., Rojas, H., Spackman, E., Alexander, D.J. Recombination Resulting In Virulence Shift In Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol 10, No.4.

DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION, POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR DETECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS RNA IN CLINICAL SAMPLES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Wise, M., Suarez, D.L., Seal, B.S., Janice, P.C., Senne, D.A., King, D.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E. Development Of A Real-Time Reverse-Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction For Detection Of Newcastle Disease Virus RNA In Clinical Samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Vol. 42, No.1, p329-338. 2004

STUDIES ON THE REPLICATION OF SARS CORONAVIRUS IN AVIAN SPECIES - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Tumpey, T., Beck, J.R. 2003. Studies on the replication of sars coronavirus in avian species. American Society for Microbiology.

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF RECENT H7 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH THREE DIFFERENT OUTBREAKS IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY IN THE U.S. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

SPACKMAN, E., SENNE, D.A., DAVISON, S., SUAREZ, D.L. Sequence Analysis Of Recent H7 Avian Influenza Viruses Associated With Three Different Outbreaks In Commerical Poultry In The U.S. 2003. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY.

THE ROLE OF CHICKEN ANEMIA VIRUS IN IMMUNOSUPPRESSION - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E. 2003. The Role Of Chicken Anemia Virus In Immunosuppression. Poultry Health and Processing National Meeting Proceedings.

NDV REAL-TIME RT-PCR TEST DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND USE AS A NATIONAL TEST AT NVSL - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Wise, M., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., King, D.J., Swayne, D.E., Schmitt, B.J., Seal, B.S. NDV Real-Time RT-PCR Test Development, Validation and Use As A National Test at NVSL. 2003. United States Animal Health Association Proceedings.

DETECTION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN OIL EMULSION VACCINES BY REAL-TIME RT-PCR - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Detection Of Avian Influenza Virus In Oil Emulsion Vaccines By Real-Time RT-PCR. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC POULTRY AS POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL VECTORS AND RESERVOIRS FOR SARS-CORONAVIRUS - (Abstract Only)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Beck, J.R., Tumpey, T., Swayne, D.E. 2003. Experimental assessment of domestic poultry as potential biological vectors and reservoirs for sars-coronavirus. Diseases at the Interface between Domestic Livestock and Wildlife Species.

THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN SHORT - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E. 2003. The molecular biology of avian influenza virus in short. American College of Poultry Veterinarians.

EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR PATHOGENICITY IN RECENT H7N2 AVIAN INFLUENZA ISOLATES FROM THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES - (Proceedings)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Evaluation Of Molecular Markers For Pathogenicity In Recent H7N2 Avian Influenza Isolates From The Northeastern United States. Western Poultry Disease Conference.

RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS USING A REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE PCR ASSAY - (Abstract Only)

Wise, M., Spackman, E., King, D.J., Suarez, D.L., Seal, B.S. 2003. Rapid diagnosis of newcastle disease virus using a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES - (Abstract Only)

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS DISINFECTANTS ON DETECTION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS BY REAL TIME RT-PCR - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Senne, D., Bulaga, L., Welsch, A.C., Froberg, K. 2003. The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time rt-pcr. Avian Diseases. 47:1091-1095, 2003.

UPDATE ON MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF H1, H5 AND H7 INFLUENZA INFECTIONS IN POULTRY IN NORTH AMERICA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Senne, D. Update On Molecular Epidemiology Of H1, H5 and H7 Influenza Infections In Poultry In North America. Avian Diseases,2003, 47:888-897.

DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME RT-PCR FOR THE DETECTION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Bulaga, L.L., Myers, T.J., Perdue, M.L., Garber, L.P., Lohman, K., Daum, L.T., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Development Of Real-Time RT-PCR For The Detection Of Avian Influenza Virus. Avian Diseases 47:1079-1082, 2003.

ANALYSIS OF THE AVIAN INFLUENZA MATRIX GENE OF NORTH AMERICAN WILD WATERFOWL ISOLATES - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2002. Analysis Of The Avian Influenza Matrix Gene Of North American Wild Waterfowl Isolates. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME RT-PCR ASSAY FOR TYPE A INFLUENZA AND THE AVIAN H5 AND H7 HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Senne, D.S., Myers, T.J., Bulaga, L.L., Garber, P., Perdue, M., Lohman, K., Daum, L.T., Suarez, D.L. 2002. Development Of A Real-Time RT-PCR Assay For Type A Influenza And The Avian H5 And H7 Hemagglutinin subtypes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

RAPID DETECTION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES USING A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY - (Proceedings)

CONTROL OF H7N2 INFLUENZA IN THE LIVE BIRD MARKETS IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES - (Abstract Only)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E. 2002. Control of H7N2 influenza in the live bird markets in the northeast united states. European Scientific Working Group on Influenza.

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME RT-PCR AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR AVIAN INFLUENZA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Bulaga, L.L., Trock, S., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Development Of Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR As A Diagnostic Tool For Avian Influenza. Avian Diseases. 47:1087-1090, 2003.

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENZA H7 HEMAGGLUTININ GENE AND HA1 PROTEIN FROM VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM U.S. LIVE BIRD MARKETS IN THE NORTHEAST - (Abstract Only)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2002. Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Influenza H7 Hemagglutinin Gene And HA1 Protein From Viruses Isolated From U.S. Live Bird Markets In The Northeast. Southeastern Regional Virology Conference.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CHALLENGE MODEL FOR MEASURING EFFICACY OF VACCINES AGAINST MILDLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES - (Abstract Only)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Beck, J.R., Schultz Cherry, S.L., Tumpey, T. 2002. Development And Evaluation Of A Challenge Model For Measuring Efficacy Of Vaccines Against Mildly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses. American Veterinary Medical Association Abstract.

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Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research: Athens, GA