Projects

Breeding Selection and Molecular Characterization for Improved Sugar Beet Germplasm Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 412961

Technologies for Assessing and Grading Quality and Condition of Cucumbers and Tree Fruits Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 418127

Improved Food Quality in Dry Bean Using Genetic and Molecular Approaches Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 414955

Determining Color Retention in Two Populations of Black Bean Genotypes Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 412015

Technologies for Quality Assessment of Fruits and Vegetables Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 418085

Enhancing Market Potential: Potato Condition Measurement with Electro-Optical Techniques Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 414224

Publications

A portable device for the bioyield detection to measure apple firmness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R., Tipper, N.C. 2009. A Portable Device for the Bioyield Detection to Measure Apple Firmness. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 25(4):517-523.

Monte Carlo Simulation for Quantification of Light Transport Features in Apples - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2009. Monte Carlo Simulation for Quantification of Light Transport Features in Apples. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 68(1):44-51.

Prediction of olive quality using FT-NIR spectroscopy in reflectance and transmittance modes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kavdir, I., Burukcan, M., Lu, R., Kocabiyik, H., Seker, M. 2009. Prediction of Olive Quality Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy in Reflectance and Transmittance Modes. Biosystems Engineering. 103(3):304-312.

Prediction of apple internal quality using spectral absorption and scattering properties - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Qin, J., Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2009. Prediction of Apple Internal Quality Using Spectral Absorption and Scattering Properties. Transactions of the ASABE. 52(2):499-507.

Prediction of Apple Quality by Optical Properties - (Experiment Station)

Lu, R., Qin, J. 2008. Prediction of Apple Quality by Optical Properties. Michigan State University Controlled Atmosphere Clinic. Volume 6. 10 p.

Quality evaluation of pickling cucumbers using hyperspectral reflectance and transmittance imaging ¿ Part 1. Development of a prototype - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ariana, D., Lu, R. 2008. Quality evaluation of pickling cucumbers using hyperspectral reflectance and transmittance imaging. Part 1. Development of a prototype. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. DOI 10.1007/s11694-008-9057-x. Available: www.springerlink.com/content/w44j431683101493/?.

Quality evaluation of pickling cucumbers using hyperspectral reflectance and transmittance imaging ¿ Part 2. Performance of a prototype - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ariana, D., Lu, R. 2008. Quality evaluation of pickling cucumbers using hyperspectral reflectance and transmittance imaging. Part 2. Performance of a prototype. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. DOI 10.1007/s11694-008-9058-9. Available: www.springerlink.com/content/r3715505p0155360/?.

Development of a Hyperspectral Imaging System for Online Quality Inspection of Pickling Cucumbers - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Ariana, D. 2008. Development of a Hyperspectral Imaging System for Online Quality Inspection of Pickling Cucumbers. In: Proceedings of the ASABE Food Processing Automation Conference, June 28-29, 2008, Providence, Rhode Island. 2008 CDROM.

Internal defect detection of whole pickles using hyperspectral reflectance and transmittance imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Ariana, D.P., Lu, R. 2008. Internal defect detection of whole pickles using hyperspectral reflectance and transmittance imaging. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 084266.

The effect of washing treatments on the surface cleanliness of Michigan Red Delicious apples - (Abstract)

Quist, E.E., Rubino, M.I., Guyer, D.E., Auras, R., Lu, R. 2008. The effect of washing treatments on the surface cleanliness of Michigan Red Delicious apples [abstract]. Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists Abstracts. No. 133-02.

The impact of wax application on gloss development of Michigan Red Delicious apples - (Abstract)

Quist, E.E., Rubino, M.I., Bailey, B.B., Lu, R., Guyer, D.E., Auras, R., Ariana, D.P. 2008. The impact of wax application on gloss development of Michigan Red Delicious apples [abstract]. Annual Meeting Horticultural Society. HortScience. 43(4):1189.

Gloss evaluation of curved-surface fruits and vegetables - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Mizrach, A., Lu, R., Rubino, M. 2008. Gloss evaluation of curved-surface fruits and vegetables. Food and Bioprocess Technology. DOI 10.1007/s11947-008-0083-9. Available: www.springerlink.com/content/a223w2330w876341/?.

Measurement of the optical properties of fruits and vegetables using spatially resolved hyperspectral diffuse reflectance imaging technique - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2008. Measurement of the optical properties of fruits and vegetables using spatially resolved hyperspectral diffuse reflectance imaging technique. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 49(3):355-365.

Detection of Internal Defect in Pickling Cucumbers Using Hyperspectral Transmittance Imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ariana, D., Lu, R. 2008. Detection of internal defect in pickling cucumbers using hyperspectral transmittance imaging. Transactions of the ASABE. 51(2):705-713.

A hyperspectral imaging prototype for online quality evaluation of pickling cucumbers - (Experiment Station)

Lu, R., Ariana, D. 2008. A hyperspectral imaging prototype for online quality evaluation of pickling cucumbers. Michigan State University Cucumber Reporting Session. p. 29-36.

Nondestructive Olive Quality Detection Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy in Reflectance Mode - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (07-Jan-08)

Spectroscopic Technique for Measuring the Texture of Horticultural Products: Spatially Resolved Approach - (Book/Chapter)

Lu, R. 2009. Spectroscopic Technique for Measuring the Texture of Horticultural Products: Spatially Resolved Approach. In: Zude, M. Optical Monitoring of Fresh and Processed Agricultural Crops. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 391-423.

Internal quality evaluation of apples using spectral absorption and scattering properties - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Qin, J., Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2007. Internal quality evaluation of apples using spectral absorption and scattering properties. Proceedings of SPIE. 6767:67610M.

A recursive method for updating apple firmness prediction models based on spectral scattering images - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2007. A recursive method for updating apple firmness prediction models based on spectral scattering images. Proceedings of SPIE. 6761:67610U.

Analysis of Spatially-Resolved Hyperspectral Scattering Images for Assessing Apple Fruit Firmness and Soluble Solids Content - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2008. Analysis of Spatially-Resolved Hyperspectral Scattering Images for Assessing Apple Fruit Firmness and Soluble Solids Content. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 48(1):52-62.

Development of a Multispectral Imaging Prototype for Real-Time Detection of Apple Fruit Firmness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2007. Development of a Multispectral Imaging Prototype for Real-Time Detection of Apple Fruit Firmness. Optical Engineering. 46(12):123201.

On-Line Hyperspectral Transmittance Imaging for Internal Defect Detection of Pickling Cucumbers - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Ariana, D., Lu, R. 2007. On-Line Hyperspectral Transmittance Imaging for Internal Defect Detection of Pickling Cucumbers. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 073133.

Monte Carlo Simulations of Light Propagation in Apples - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2007. Monte Carlo Simulations of Light Propagation in Apples. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 073058.

Characterization of Spatially-Resolved Hyperspectral Scattering Images for Assessing Apple Fruit Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2007. Characterization of Spatially-Resolved Hyperspectral Scattering Images for Assessing Apple Fruit Firmness. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 076270.

Integration of Hyperspectral Reflectance and Fluorescence Imaging for Assessing Apple Maturity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Noh, H., Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2007. Integration of Hyperspectral Reflectance and Fluorescence Imaging for Assessing Apple Maturity. Transactions of the ASABE. 50(3):963-971.

Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence for assessing apple maturity - (Other)

Lu, R. 2007. Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence for assessing apple maturity. In: Apple Research Review. 2007 Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission Annual Research Review, January 23, 2007, Wenatchee, Washington. p. 80-88.

Measurement of the Absorption and Scattering Properties of Turbid Liquid Foods Using Hyperspectral Imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2007. Measurement of the Absorption and Scattering Properties of Turbid Liquid Foods Using Hyperspectral Imaging. Applied Spectroscopy. 61(4):388-396.

Imaging technique for detection of internal defects of pickling cucumbers - (Experiment Station)

Ariana, D., Lu, R. 2007. Imaging technique for detection of internal defects of pickling cucumbers. Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletins. p.18-24.

Nondestructive measurement of firmness and soluble solids content for apple fruit using hyperspectral scattering images - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R. 2007. Nondestructive measurement of firmness and soluble solids content for apple fruit using hyperspectral scattering images. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 1(1):19-27.

Prediction of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content using characteristics of multispectral scattering images - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2007. Prediction of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content using characteristics of multispectral scattering images. Journal of Food Engineering. 82(2):142-152.

Integrating fluorescence and interactance measurements to improve apple maturity assessment - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (01-Oct-06)

Quality evaluation of fruit by hyperspectral imaging - (Book/Chapter)

Lu, R. 2007. Quality evaluation of fruit by hyperspectral imaging. In: Sun, D.W., editor. Computer Vision Technology for Food Quality Evaluation. Burlington, MA: Elsevier. p. 319-348.

Hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging for assessing apple quality - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Noh, H., Lu, R. 2007. Hyperspectral laser-induced fluorescence imaging for assessing apple quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 43(2):193-201.

Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Nondestructive Quality Assessment of Pickling Cucumbers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kavdir, I., Lu, R., Ariana, D., Ngouajio, M. 2007. Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for nondestructive quality assessment of pickling cucumbers. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 44(2):165-174.

Hyperspectral Diffuse Reflectance for Rapid, Noncontact Determination of the Optical Properties of Turbid Materials - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2006. Hyperspectral diffuse reflectance for rapid, noncontact determination of the optical properties of turbid materials. Applied Optics. 45(32):8366-8373.

Assessing the Maturity of Apples by Integrating Hyperspectral Reflectance and Fluorescence Imaging Techniques - (Experiment Station)

Lu, R., Noh, H. 2006. Assessing the maturity of apples by integrating hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging techniques. Michigan State University Controlled Atmosphere Clinic. Volume 5(2):209-217.

Development of a Bioyield Tester for Intact Apple - (Experiment Station)

Tipper, N., Lu, R., Srivastava, A., Beaudry, R. 2006. Development of a bioyield tester for intact apple. Michigan State University Controlled Atmosphere Clinic. Volume 5(2):218-220.

Measurement of the Optical Properties of Apples by Hyperspectral Imaging for Assessing Fruit Quality - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Qin, J., Peng, Y. 2006. Measurement of the optical properties of apples by hyperspectral imaging for assessing fruit quality. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 066179.

Integration of Hyperspectral Reflectance and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging for Assessing Apple Maturity - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Noh, H., Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2006. Integration of hyperspectral reflectance and laser-induced fluorescence imaging for assessing apple maturity. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 066182.

Opto-Electric Determination of Insect Presence in Fruit - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Guyer, D., Ariana, D., Shrestha, B., Lu, R. 2006. Opto-electric determination of insect presence in fruit. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 066061.

Visible/near-Infrared Hyperspectral Transmittance Imaging for Detection of Internal Mechanical Injury in Pickling Cucumbers - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Ariana, D.P., Lu, R. 2006. Visible/near-infrared hyperspectral transmittance imaging for detection of internal mechanical injury in pickling cucumbers. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 063039.

Measurement of the Optical Properties of Apples Using Hyperspectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2006. Measurement of the optical properties of apples using hyperspectral diffuse reflectance imaging. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 063037.

New Approaches of Analyzing Multispectral Scattering Profiles for Predicting Apple Fruit Firmness and Soluble Solids Content - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2006. New approaches of analyzing multispectral scattering profiles for predicting apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content. ASABE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 066234.

Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging for Detection of Bruises on Pickling Cucumbers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ariana, D., Lu, R., Guyer, D.E. 2006. Hyperspectral reflectance imaging for detection of bruises on pickling cucumbers. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 53(1):60-70.

Nondestructive Quality Assessment of Pickling Cucumbers Using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Kavdir, I., Lu, R., Ariana, D., Ngouajio, M. 2006. Nondestructive quality assessment of pickling cucumbers using visible and near infrared spectroscopy. Borimer Agrartechnische Berichte. 55:97-108.

Nondestructive Quality Assessment of Pickling Cucumbers Using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy - (Abstract)

Kavdir, I., Lu, R., Ariana, D., Ngouajio, M. 2006. Nondestructive quality assessment of pickling cucumbers using visible and near infrared spectroscopy [abstract]. IFAC/CIGR Workshop. Paper No. CAPPT0068.

Detection of Bruises on Pickling Cucumbers Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging - (Experiment Station)

Ariana, D., Lu, R. 2006. Detection of bruises on pickling cucumbers using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Experiment Station Bulletins.

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of Bioyield Probes for Measuring Apple Fruit Firmness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R., Srivastava, A.J., Ababneh, H.A. 2006. Finite element analysis and experimental evaluation of bioyield probes for measuring apple fruit firmness. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(1):123-131.

A Lctf Based Multispectral Imaging System for Estimation of Apple Fruit Firmness: Part I: Acquisition and Characterization of Scattering Images - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2006. A LCTF based multispectral imaging system for estimation of apple fruit firmness: Part I: acquisition and characterization of scattering images. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(1):259-267.

A Lctf Based Multispectral Imaging System for Estimation of Apple Fruit Firmness: Part Ii: Selection of Optimal Wavelengths and Development of Prediction Models - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2006. A LCTF based multispectral imaging system for estimation of apple fruit firmness: Part II: selection of optimal wavelengths and development of prediction models. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(1):269-275.

Hyperspectral Diffuse Reflectance for Determination of the Optical Properties of Milk and Fruit and Vegetable Juice - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2005. Hyperspectral diffuse reflectance for determination of the optical properties of milk and fruit and vegetable juice. Proceedings of SPIE. 5996:59960Q.

Hyperspectral Scattering for Assessing Peach Fruit Firmness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2006. Hyperspectral scattering for assessing peach fruit firmness. Biosystems Engineering. 93(2):161-171.

A Laser-Based Multispectral Imaging System for Real-Time Detection of Apple Fruit Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2005. A laser-based multispectral imaging system for real-time detection of apple fruit firmness. Proceedings of SPIE. 5996:59960F.

Detection of Mechanical Injury on Pickling Cucumbers Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Ariana, D., Lu, R., Guyer, D. 2005. Detection of mechanical injury on pickling cucumbers using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Proceedings of SPIE. 5996:59960P.

Uv/blue Light-Induced Fluorescence for Assessing Apple Maturity - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Noh, H., Lu, R. 2005. UV/blue light-induced fluorescence for assessing apple maturity. Proceedings of SPIE. 5996:59960I.

Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Detection of Mechanical Injury on Pickling Cucumbers - (Abstract)

Lu, R., Ariana, D. 2005. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for detection of mechanical injury on pickling cucumbers. Pickle Packers International Meeting Proceedings.

Determination of the Optical Properties of Turbid Materials by Hyperspectral Diffuse Reflectance - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2005. Determination of the optical properties of turbid materials by hyperspectral diffuse reflectance. ASAE Annual International Meeting Proceedings. Paper No. 053068.

Comparison of Multispectral Scattering with Visible/nir Spectroscopy for Predicting Apple Fruit Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2005. Comparison of multispectral scattering with visible/NIR spectroscopy for predicting apple fruit firmness. 7th Fruit, Nut, and Vegetable Production Engineering International Symposium. Paper No. 62.

A Bioyield Tester for Measuring Apple Fruit Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Srivastiva, A., Beaudry, R. 2005. A bioyield tester for measuring apple fruit firmness. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 056171.

Nir Measurement of Apple Fruit Soluble Solids Content and Firmness As Affected by Postharvest Storage - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Bailey, B.B. 2005. NIR measurement of apple fruit soluble solids content and firmness as affected by postharvest storage. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 056070.

An Improved Multispectral Imaging System for Apple Fruit Firmness Prediction - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2005. An improved multispectral imaging system for apple fruit firmness prediction. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 056172.

Hyperspectral Reflectance and Fluorescence for Assessing Apple Quality - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Noh, H., Lu, R. 2005. Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence for assessing apple quality. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 053069.

A New Bioyield Tester for Measuring Apple Fruit Firmness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R., Srivastava, A., Beaudry, R. 2005. A new bioyield tester for measuring apple fruit firmness. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 21(5):893-900.

Assessing Peach Firmness by Multispectral Scattering - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2005. Assessing peach firmness by multispectral scattering. Near Infrared Spectroscopy Journal. 13(1):27-36.

Multispectral Scattering Measures Fruit Texture - (Trade Journal)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2005. Multispectral scattering measures fruit texture. Laser Focus World. April Issue. p. 99-1003.

Detection of Pits in Tart Cherries by Hyperspectral Transmission Imaging - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2005. Detection of pits in tart cherries by hyperspectral transmission imaging. Transactions of the ASAE. Volume 48(5):1963-1970.

Comparison of Multispectral Scattering and Visible/nir Spectroscopy for Predicting Apple Fruit Firmness - (Abstract)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2005. Comparison of multispectral scattering and visible/NIR spectroscopy for predicting apple fruit firmness [abstract]. Fruit, Nut, and Vegetable Production Engineering International Symposium.

Modeling Multispectral Scattering Profiles for Predction of Apple Fruit Firmness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2005. Modeling multispectral scattering profiles for predction of apple fruit firmness. Transactions of the ASAE. Volume 48(1): 235-242.

A Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter Based Multispectral Imaging System for Prediction of Apple Fruit Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2004. A liquid crystal tunable filter based multispectral imaging system for prediction of apple fruit firmness. Proceedings of SPIE. 5587:91-100.

Detecting Pits in Tart Cherries by Hyperspectral Transmission Imaging - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Qin, J., Lu, R. 2004. Detecting pits in tart cherries by hyperspectral transmission imaging. Proceedings of SPIE. 5587:153-162.

Multispectral Scattering for Assessing Peach Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2004. Multispectral scattering for assessing peach firmness. Agricultural Engineering International Conference Proceedings.

Nondestructive Detection of Fruit Postharvest Quality - (Experiment Station)

Lu, R. 2004. Nondestructive detection of fruit postharvest quality. Michigan State University Controlled Atmosphere Clinic. p. 14-19.

Hyperspectral Scattering for Assessing Peach Fruit Firmness - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R., Peng, Y. 2004. Hyperspectral scattering for assessing peach fruit firmness. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 046117.

Predicting Apple Fruit Firmness by Multispectral Scattering Profiles - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Peng, Y., Lu, R. 2004. Predicting apple fruit firmness by multispectral scattering profiles. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 043007.

Prediction of Apple Fruit Firmness by Near-Infrared Multispectral Scattering - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R. 2004. Prediction of apple fruit firmness by near-infrared multispectral scattering. Journal of Texture Studies. (35)3:263-276.

Force/deformation Techniques for Measuring Texture - (Book/Chapter)

Lu, R., Abbott, J.A. 2004. Force/Deformation Techniques for Measuring Texture. In: Kilcast, D., editor. Texture in Food: Volume 2: Solid Foods. Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing Limited. p. 109-145.

Near Infrared Multispectral Scattering for Assessing Internal Quality of Apple Fruits - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R. 2004. Near infrared multispectral scattering for assessing internal quality of apple fruits. Proceedings of SPIE. 5271:313-320.

Imaging Spectroscopy for Assessing Fruit Quality - (Trade Journal)

Lu, R. 2003. Imaging spectroscopy for assessing fruit quality. Fruit Processing.

Predicting Apple Fruit Firmness and Sugar Content Using Near-Infrared Scattering Properties - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R. 2003. Predicting apple fruit firmness and sugar content using near-infrared scattering properties. Agricultural Engineering International Conference Proceedings.

Imaging Spectroscopy for Assessing Internal Quality of Apple Fruit - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R. 2003. Imaging spectroscopy for assessing internal quality of apple fruit. Agricultural Engineering International Conference Proceedings.

Multispectral Imaging for Predicting Firmness and Soluble Solids Content of Apple Fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lu, R. 2004. Multispectral imaging for predicting firmness and soluble solids content of apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 31(2):147-157.

Near Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy for Detecting New and Old Bruises on Apples - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Lu, R. 2002. Near infrared imaging spectroscopy for detecting new and old bruises on apples. Agricultural Engineering International Conference Proceedings.