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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Parlier, California » San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center » Commodity Protection and Quality Research » People & Locations » Chang-Lin Xiao
Chang-Lin Xiao
Research Leader


Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Transitioning to machine harvesting blueberries for fresh market - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yang, W.Q., Takeda, F., Zhang, M., Li, C., Sargent, S.A., Devetter, L., Beaudry, R., Obenland, D.M., Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2024. Transitioning to machine harvesting blueberries for fresh market. Acta Horticulturae. 1381: 392-400. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1381.50.
Baseline sensitivity of Mucor piriformis to natamycin and efficacy of natamycin alone and in combination with salt and heat treatments against Mucor rot of stored mandarin fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Fungicide resistance of Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens isolates from mandarin fruit and its influence on control of postharvest Alternaria rot - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, F., Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2023. Fungicide resistance of Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens isolates from mandarin fruit and its influence on control of postharvest Alternaria rot. Plant Disease. 107(5):1538-1543. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2157-RE.
Fungicide resistance and host influence on population structure in Botrytis spp. from specialty crops in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Naegele, R.P., Abdelsamad, N.A., DeLong, J.A., Saito, S., Xiao, C., Miles, T. 2022. Fungicide resistance and host influence on population structure in Botrytis spp. from specialty crops in California. Phytopathology. 112(12):2549-2559. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-22-0070-R.
Natamycin as a postharvest treatment to control gray mold on stored blueberry fruit caused by multi-fungicide resistant Botrytis cinerea - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Wang, F., Xiao, C. 2022. Natamycin as a postharvest treatment to control gray mold on stored blueberry fruit caused by multi-fungicide resistant Botrytis cinerea. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 187. Article 111862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2022.111862.
Fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata from blueberry in California and its impact on control of Alternaria rot - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, F., Saito, S., Michailides, T., Xiao, C. 2022. Fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata from blueberry in California and its impact on control of Alternaria rot. Plant Disease. 106(5):1446-1453. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-21-1971-RE.
Baseline sensitivity of Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens to natamycin and control of alternaria rot on stored mandarin fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, F., Saito, S., Michaillides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2021. Baseline sensitivity of Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens to natamycin and control of alternaria rot on stored mandarin fruit. Plant Disease. 105(11):3653-3656. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0809-RE.
Grape powdery mildew spray programs affect non-target fungi populations differentially in California vineyards - (Abstract Only)
Gary Mold: Fungicide resistance in the pathogen botrytis cinerea and its impact on control - ()
Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2021. Gary Mold: Fungicide resistance in the pathogen botrytis cinerea and its impact on control. Citrograph. 12(4):60-64.
Effects of peroxyacetic acid on postharvest diseases and quality of blueberries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Wang, F., Obenland, D.M., Xiao, C. 2021. Effects of peroxyacetic acid on postharvest diseases and quality of blueberries. Plant Disease. 105(10):3231-3237. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2310-RE.
Phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenic characterization of Alternaria species associated with fruit rot of mandarin in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, F., Seiya, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2021. Phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenic characterization of Alternaria species associated with fruit rot of mandarin in California. Plant Disease. 105(9):2606-2617. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2145-RE.
Postharvest use of Natamycin to control alternaria rot on blueberry fruit caused by Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, F., Saito, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2021. Postharvest use of Natamycin to control alternaria rot on blueberry fruit caused by Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 172. Article 111383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111383.
Botrytis spp.: a contemporary perspective and synthesis of recent scientific breakthroughs of a widespread genus that threatens global food security - ()
Richards, J., Xiao, C., Jurick Ii, W.M. 2021. Botrytis spp.: a contemporary perspective and synthesis of recent scientific breakthroughs of a widespread genus that threatens global food security. Phytopathology. 111:432-436. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-20-0475-IA.
Fungicide resistance profiles of Botrytis cinerea isolates from Michigan vineyards and development of a TaqMan assay for detection of fenhexamid resistance - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Alzohairy, S., Gillet, J., Saito, S., Naegele, R.P., Xiao, C., Miles, T. 2021. Fungicide resistance profiles of Botrytis cinerea isolates from Michigan vineyards and development of a TaqMan assay for detection of fenhexamid resistance. Plant Disease. 105(2):285-294. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1087-RE.
Population genetics and fungicide resistance of Botrytis cinerea on Vitis and Prunus spp. in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Naegele, R.P., Delong, J.A., Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2020. Population genetics and fungicide resistance of Botrytis cinerea on Vitis and Prunus spp. in California. Phytopathology. 110(3):694-702. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-19-0362-R.
Influence of sulfur dioxide-emitting polyethylene packaging on blueberry decay and quality during long-term storage - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Obenland, D.M., Xiao, C. 2020. Influence of sulfur dioxide-emitting polyethylene packaging on blueberry decay and quality during long-term storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 160. Article 111045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111045.
Efficacy of Natamycin against gray mold of stored mandarin fruit caused by isolates of Botrytis cinerea with multiple fungicide resistance - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Wang, F., Xiao, C. 2020. Efficacy of Natamycin against gray mold of stored mandarin fruit caused by isolates of Botrytis cinerea with multiple fungicide resistance. Plant Disease. 104(3):787-792. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0844-RE.
Genotypic diversity among Botrytis Cinerea isolates from California - (Abstract Only)
Delong, J.A., Saito, S., Xiao, C., Naegele, R.P. 2019. Genotypic diversity among Botrytis Cinerea isolates from California. Phytopathology. 109(10):171.
Fungicide-resistant phenotypes in Botrytis cinerea populations and their impact on control of gray mold on stored table grapes in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2019. Fungicide-resistant phenotypes in Botrytis cinerea populations and their impact on control of gray mold on stored table grapes in California. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 154(2):203-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-01649-z.
Timing of perennial canker development in apple trees caused by Neofabraea perennans and Neofabraea kienholzii - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Aguilar, C., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2019. Timing of perennial canker development in apple trees caused by Neofabraea perennans and Neofabraea kienholzii. Plant Disease. 103(3):555-562. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-18-0935-RE.
Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis from apple and Pacific madrone from the western United States - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sikdar, P., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2019. Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis from apple and Pacific madrone from western United States. Phytopathology. 109(3):469-479. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-17-0358-R.
Fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea populations in California and its influence on control of gray mold on stored Mandarin fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2018. Fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea populations in California and its influence on control of gray mold on stored Mandarin fruit. Plant Disease. 102(12):2545-2549. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0766-RE.
Detection and identification of six Monilinia spp. causing brown rot using TaqMan real-time PCR from pure cultures and infected apple fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, J., Guo, L., Xiao, C., Zhu, X. 2018. Detection and identification of six Monilinia spp. causing brown rot using TaqMan real-time PCR from pure cultures and infected apple fruit. Plant Disease. 102(8):1527-1533. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-17-1662-RE.
Control of bull’s-eye rot of apple caused by Neofabraea perennans and Neofabraea kienholzii using pre- and postharvest fungicides - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Aguilar, C.G., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2018. Control of bull’s-eye rot of apple caused by Neofabraea perennans and Neofabraea kienholzii using pre- and postharvest fungicides. Plant Disease. 102(5):905-910. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-17-1363-RE.
Prevalence of postharvest diseases of mandarin fruit in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2017. Prevalence of postharvest diseases of mandarin fruit in California. Plant Health Progress. 18(4):204-210. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-08-17-0048-RS.
Influence of packaging on the quality of cold-stored grapes packed into boxes for later repacking - (Proceedings)
Obenland, D.M., Xiao, C., Smilanick, J. 2017. Influence of packaging on the quality of cold-stored grapes packed into boxes for later repacking. Symposium Proceedings. p. 1-16.
Timing of apple fruit infection by Neofabraea perennans and Neofabraea kienholzii in relation to bull’s-eye rot development in stored apple fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Aguilar, C.G., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2017. Timing of apple fruit infection by Neofabraea perennans and Neofabraea kienholzii in relation to bull’s-eye rot development in stored apple fruit. Plant Disease. 101:800-806. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-16-1637-RE.
Prevalence and incidence of postharvest diseases of blueberries in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xiao, C., Saito, S. 2017. Prevalence and incidence of postharvest diseases of blueberries in California. Acta Horticulturae. 1180:129-134. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1180.18.
Evaluation of sulfur dioxide-generating pads and modified atmosphere packaging for control of postharvest diseases in blueberries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Xiao, C. 2017. Evaluation of sulfur dioxide-generating pads and modified atmosphere packaging for control of postharvest diseases in blueberries. Acta Horticulturae. 1180:123-128. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1180.17.
Bull’s-eye rot management: understanding the disease cycle of Neofabraea spp. occurring on apples grown in the Pacific Northwest - (Abstract Only)
Aguilar, C.G., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2016. Bull’s-eye rot management: understanding the disease cycle of Neofabraea spp. occurring on apples grown in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology. 106:S4.195.
Potential hosts for Lambertella corni-maris and Phacidium lacerum within the family Rosaceae Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wiseman, M., Dugan, F.M., Xiao, C. 2016. Potential hosts for Lambertella corni-maris and Phacidium lacerum within the family Rosaceae. Plant Health Progress. 17:128-129.
Fungicide resistance profiling in Botrytis cinerea populations from blueberries in California and Washington and their impact on control of gray mold - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2016. Fungicide resistance profiling in Botrytis cinerea populations from blueberries in California and Washington and their impact on control of gray mold. Plant Disease. 100(10):2087-2093. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0229-RE.
Determination of fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea from strawberry in the Central Coast Region of California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pokorny, A., Smilanick, J.L., Xiao, C., Farrar, J.J., Shrestha, A. 2016. Determination of fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea from strawberry in the Central Coast Region of California. Plant Health Progress. 17:30-34. doi: 10.1094/PHP-RS-15-0053.
First report of black rot on apple fruit caused by Diplodia seriata in Washington State - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, Y.K., Kwak, J.H., Aguilar, C.G., Xiao, C. 2016. First report of black rot on apple fruit caused by Diplodia seriata in Washington State. Plant Disease. 100:1499. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-15-1463-PDN.
Mucor rot - An emerging postharvest disease of mandarin fruit caused by Mucor piriformis and other Mucor spp. in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2016. Mucor rot - An emerging postharvest disease of mandarin fruit caused by Mucor piriformis and other Mucor spp. in California. Plant Disease. 100:1054-1063. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1173-RE.
Prevalence and incidence of postharvest diseases of blueberries in California - (Abstract Only)
Evaluation of sulfur dioxide-generating pads and modified atmosphere packaging for control of postharvest diseases in blueberries - (Abstract Only)
Botrytis californica, a new cryptic species in the B. cinerea species complex causing gray mold in blueberries and table grapes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Saito, S., Margosan, D.A., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2016. Botrytis californica, a new cryptic species in the B. cinerea species complex causing gray mold in blueberries and table grapes. Mycologia. 108:330-343. doi: 10.3852/15-165.
Systems approach-based mitigation of postharvest diseases to overcome trade barriers for Washington apples - (Abstract Only)
Xiao, C. 2015. Systems approach-based mitigation of postharvest diseases to overcome trade barriers for Washington apples. APS Annual Meeting, August 1-5, 2015, Pasadena, California. 105:S4.168.
Baseline sensitivity to fluopyram and fungicide resistance phenotypes of botrytis cinerea populations from table grapes in california - (Abstract Only)
Saito, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2015. Baseline sensitivity to fluopyram and fungicide resistance phenotypes of botrytis cinerea populations from table grapes in california. American Phytopathological Society and Annual Meeting, August 1-5, 2015, Pasadena, California. 105:S4.121.
Phylogenetic, morphological and pathogenic characterization of Alternaria species associated with fruit rots of blueberry in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhu, X.Q., Xiao, C. 2015. Phylogenetic, morphological and pathogenic characterization of Alternaria species associated with fruit rots of blueberry in California. Phytopathology. 105:1555-1567. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-15-0122-R.
A new postharvest fruit rot in apple and pear caused by Phacidium lacerum - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wiseman, M.S., Kim, Y.K., Dugan, F.M., Rogers, J.D., Xiao, C. 2016. A new postharvest fruit rot in apple and pear caused by Phacidium lacerum. Plant Disease. 100:32-39. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-15-0158-RE.
Management of bull’s-eye rot of apple using pre- and postharvest fungicides - (Abstract Only)
Aguilar, C., Xiao, C., Mazzola, M. 2015. Management of bull’s-eye rot of apple using pre- and postharvest fungicides. Phytopathology. 105:S4.4.
Occurrence of fludioxonil resistance in penicillium digitatum from citrus in California - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, Y.K., Saito, S., Xiao, C.L. 2015. Occurrence of fludioxonil resistance in penicillium digitatum from citrus in California. Plant Disease. 99:1447.
Dynamics of Verticillium species microsclerotia in field soils in response to fumigation, cropping patterns, and flooding - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Short, D., Sandoya, G., Vallad, G., Koike, S., Xiao, C., Wu, B., Gurung, S., Hayes, R.J., Subbarao, K. 2015. Dynamics of Verticillium species microsclerotia in field soils in response to fumigation, cropping patterns, and flooding. Phytopathology. 105:638-645.
Reassessment of microconidia associated with Diplocarpon mali from diseased apple leaves - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
First report of a new leaf blight caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis on Pacific Madrone in Western Washington and Oregon - ()
Elliot, M., Chastagner, G.A., Coats, K.P., Sikdar, P., Xiao, C. 2014. First report of a new leaf blight caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis on Pacific Madrone in Western Washington and Oregon. Plant Disease. 98:1741.
A postharvest fruit rot of apple caused by Lambertella corni-maris in Washington State - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wiseman, M.S., Dugan, F.M., Kim, Y.K., Xiao, C. 2015. A postharvest fruit rot of apple caused by Lambertella corni-maris in Washington State. Plant Disease. 99:201-206.
First report of Botrytis pseudocinerea causing gray mold on blueberry in North America - ()
Saito, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2014. First report of Botrytis pseudocinerea causing gray mold on blueberry in North America. Plant Disease. 98:1743.
Control of speck rot in apple fruit caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis with pre- and postharvest fungicides - (Abstract Only)
Xiao, C., Boal, R.J. 2014. Control of speck rot in apple fruit caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis with pre- and postharvest fungicides. Phytopathology. 104(Suppl. 3):S3.132.
Fungicide resistance phenotypes in Botrytis cinerea populations from blueberries in California and Washington - (Abstract Only)
Seiya, S., Michailides, T.J., Xiao, C. 2014. Fungicide resistance phenotypes in Botrytis cinerea populations from blueberries in California and Washington. Phytopathology. 104(Suppl. 3):S3.101.
Infection of apple fruit by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in the orchard in relation to Sphaeropsis rot in storage - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, Y.K., Curry, E.A., Xiao, C. 2014. Infection of apple fruit by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in the orchard in relation to Sphaeropsis rot in storage. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 140:133-143.
Infection courts and timing of infection of apple fruit by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis in the orchard in relation to speck rot during storage - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Silkdar, P., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C.L. 2014. Infection courts and timing of infection of apple fruit by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis in the orchard in relation to speck rot during storage. Plant Disease. 98:1467-1475.
Sources and availability of inoculum and seasonal survival of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xiao, C., Kim, Y.K., Boal, R.J. 2014. Sources and availability of inoculum and seasonal survival of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple orchards. Plant Disease. 98:1043-1049.
Occurrence and phenotypes of pyrimethanil resistance in penicillium expansum from apple in Washington state - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Caiazzo, R., Kim, Y.K., Xiao, C. 2014. Occurrence and phenotypes of pyrimethanil resistance in penicillium expansum from apple in Washington state. Plant Disease. 98:924-928.
Development of PCR assays for diagnosis of the pathogens Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sikdar, P., Okubara, P.A., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2014. Development of PCR assays for diagnosis of the pathogens Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit. Plant Disease. 98:241-246.
Inoculum availability and seasonal survival of Potebniamyces pyri in pear orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xiao, C., Boal, R. 2013. Inoculum availability and seasonal survival of Potebniamyces pyri in pear orchards. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 137:535-543.
Preharvest applications of fungicides for control of Sphaeropsis rot in stored apples - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, Y.K., Xiao, C. 2013. Preharvest applications of fungicides for control of Sphaeropsis rot in stored apples. Plant Health Progress. DOI: 10.1094/PHP-2013-0919-01-RS.
Sources and availability of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens inoculum in apple orchards - (Abstract Only)
Xiao, C., Boal, R.J. 2013. Sources and availability of Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens inoculum in apple orchards. Phytopathology. 103:S2.163.
Stability and fitness of pyrimethanil-resistant phenotypes of Penicillium expansum from apple - (Abstract Only)
Caiazzo, R., Xiao, C. 2013. Stability and fitness of pyrimethanil-resistant phenotypes of Penicillium expansum from apple. Phytopathology. 103:S2.22.
Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis: inoculum availability, persistence and seasonal host susceptibility in Washington apple orchards - (Abstract Only)
Sikdar, P., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2013. Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis: inoculum availability, persistence and seasonal host susceptibility in Washington apple orchards. American Phytopathology Society. 103:S2.133.
A postharvest fruit rot of apple caused by Lambertella sp. in Washington state - (Abstract Only)
Wiseman, M.S., Dugan, F.M., Xiao, C. 2013. A postharvest fruit rot of apple caused by Lambertella sp. in Washington state. Phytopathology. 103:S2.160.
First report of Sphaeropsis rot of apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in New York. Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, Y.K., Caiazzo, R., Sikdar, P., Xiao, C. 2013. First report of Sphaeropsis rot of apple caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in New York. Plant Disease. 97:9.
Molecular characterization and a multiplex allele-specific PCR method for detection of thiabendazole resistance in Penicillium expansum from apple - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yin, Y., Xiao, C. 2013. Molecular characterization and a multiplex allele-specific PCR method for detection of thiabendazole resistance in Penicillium expansum from apple. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 136:703-713. doi:10.1007/S10658-013-0199-2.
Biological Control of Phacidiopycnis Rot in ‘d’Anjou’ Pears - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Xiao, C., Boal, R.J. 2013. Biological Control of Phacidiopycnis Rot in ‘d’Anjou’ Pears. Acta Horticulturae. 1001:255-258.
Cytology of infection of apple leaves by Diplocarpon mali - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhao, H., Han, Q., Wang, J., Gao, X., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Huang, L. 2013. Cytology of infection of apple leaves by Diplocarpon mali. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 136:41-49.
PCR assays for diagnosis of postharvest fruit rots and early detection of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit - (Abstract Only)
Sikdar, P., Okubara, P.A., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2012. PCR assays for diagnosis of postharvest fruit rots and early detection of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. Vol.201, Suppl. 4, p. S4.109.
PCR assays for diagnosis of postharvest fruit rots and early detection of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit - (Abstract Only)
Sikdar, P., Okubara, P.A., Mazzola, M., Xiao, C. 2012. PCR assays for diagnosis of postharvest fruit rots and early detection of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens in apple fruit. Phytopathology. 102:S4.109-110.