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Title: Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease in Mexico and the potential spillover of viruses from poultry into wild bird species

Author
item CARDENAS-GARCIA, STIVALIS - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)
item NAVARRO LOPEZ, ROBERTO - Senasica
item MORALES, ROMEO - Miguel Alvarez Del Toro Regional Zoo (ZOOMAT)
item OLVERA, MIGUEL - Senasica
item MARQUEZ, MIGUEL - Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico
item MERINO, RUBEN - Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico
item Miller, Patti
item Afonso, Claudio

Submitted to: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/7/2013
Publication Date: 6/14/2013
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/57936
Citation: Cardenas-Garcia, S., Navarro Lopez, R., Morales, R., Olvera, M., Marquez, M., Merino, R., Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L. 2013. Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease in Mexico and the potential spillover of viruses from poultry into Wild Bird Species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79(16):4985-4992.

Interpretive Summary: Newcastle disease is a significant disease of poultry and a recurrent problem in Mexico caused by the highly virulent forms of Newcastle Disease Virus. Although commercial vaccines are available, virulent viruses continue to circulate and cause recurrent outbreaks in Mexico. The extensive US-Mexico border and trade relationships among these two countries make it necessary to evaluate the characteristics of circulating Mexican Newcastle Disease virus strains. Here we show evidence that virulent viruses of genotype V were detected in wild birds and poultry and demonstrate the presence of vaccine viruses in non-vaccinated wild birds.

Technical Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important health problems that affect the poultry industry around the world and it is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). NDV is considered to be endemic in several countries including Mexico and in order to control ND outbreaks and spread, intensive vaccination programs have been established, which include vaccines strains isolated at least 60 years ago, which unmatched the genotype group of the viruses that circulate in the country. Here, several isolates obtained from different regions of Mexico and from wild, exotic birds and poultry, were analyzed in order to study the recent epidemiology of ND in Mexico. The characterization and phylogenetic studies confirm that virulent NDV from genotype V continues circulating and evolving. All the lentogenic isolates, mostly isolated from wild and exotic birds were highly related to LaSota and Vitapest L vaccine strains. These findings suggested that vaccine viruses may be escaping from poultry and also, that wild birds may be playing a role in the spreading.