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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Morris, Minnesota » Soil Management Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #116152

Title: IONIC RATIOS AND CROP PERFORMANCE: II INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VANADIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM WITH SOYBEAN YIELD

Author
item Olness, Alan
item Palmquist, Debra
item Rinke, Jana

Submitted to: Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/14/2001
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Plants respond to a large number of chemical factors in the field. When an earlier work showed that soybean was sensitive to extractable vanadium in soil, the field results were examined for additional factors. This review showed that each of three soybean varieties grown on the same soil and with the same climate responded to different elements in the soil. One soybean variety (9091) appears to be immune to the effects of vanadium. However, yields of 9091 increased as the ratio of magnesium to magnesium plus calcium increased in the extracted elements. This sensitivity may be due to beneficial fungi that live in the soil. For 9091, the effect of magnesium is such that its addition may be an economical fertilizer practice. The results serve as a guide for crop management and for further research on plant nutrition and plant breeding.

Technical Abstract: Because vanadium (V) is easily reduced to a cationic form within plant cells, data from resin-extraction of soil was analyzed for evidence of interactions between V with the resin-extractable concentrations of Mg and Ca on soybean seed yield. Three varieties, 9091, 9061, and 704, were grown over a three-year period in a corn-soybean-wheat rotation. Surface soil samples (0 to 15-cm) were extracted with ion-exchange resins, extracts wer analyzed by ICP, and the results were regressed against seed yield using SAS PROC STEPWISE analysis using forward selection, backward elimination and maximum R**2 routines. Seed yield of each variety showed correlation with a unique set of resin-extractable concentrations of V, P, Mg, Ca, and the V:(V+P), Mg:(Mg+Ca), Mg:(Mg+1000V), Ca:(Ca+1000V) ratios. Variety 9091 was most sensitive to the Mg:(Mg+Ca) ratio. Variety 9061 was most sensitive to extractable V and to the V:(V+P) ratio. Variety 704 was sensitive to extractable P, V, Ca and the Mg:(Mg+1000V) ratio. For variety 9091, Mg fertilization (not currently practiced) may be an economical practice; whereas, P fertilization of 704 may fail to realize economic gain. Each regression technique varied slightly in identification of important factors in seed yield. Concentrations and ratios of resin- extractable elements in soil provide insights into optimal genotype selection and possible management alternatives for a given soil.