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Submitted to: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 12/5/2005 Publication Date: 6/2/2006 Citation: Wall, M.M. 2006. Ascorbic acid and mineral composition of longan (Dimocarpus longan), lychee (Litchee chinensis), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars grown in Hawaii. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 19:655-663. Interpretive Summary: Longan, lychee and rambutan fruits were harvested from different locations throughout the state of Hawaii and analyzed for vitamin C and mineral composition. Longan fruit had the highest vitamin C content (63.3 mg/100 g) among the three specialty fruit tested. Average vitamin C content was 27.6 mg/100 g for lychees and and 36.4 mg/100 g for rambutans. Consumption of about 12 to 14 longans, 10 to 12 rambutans, or 14 to 17 lychees would meet the daily vitamin C requirements for the average adult. Longans were a good source of K (324.9 mg/100 g) and Cu (0.26 mg/100 g). Consumption of lychee fruit (100 g) would meet 2-4% of the daily recommended intake (DRI) for six minerals (P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn), and 22% of the DRI for Cu. Rambutan fruit had 20% of the DRI for Cu and 8-10% of the DRI for Mn. In general, fruit mineral content was not associated with soil mineral content. Technical Abstract: Longan (Dimocarpus longan), lychee (Litchi chinensis), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars were harvested from different locations throughout Hawaii and analyzed for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and mineral composition. Longan fruit had the highest vitamin C content (63.3 mg/100 g) among the three specialty fruit tested. Average ascorbic acid contents were 27.6 mg/100 g and 36.4 mg/100 g for lychees and rambutans, respectively. Fruit of the longan cultivar, Biew Kiew, had more vitamin C (67.3 mg/100g) than fruit of the cultivar, Sri Chompoo (55.3 mg/100 g). For rambutans, vitamin C content was highest for R162 (47.8 mg/100 g) among the six varieties tested. The early maturing lychee variety, Kaimana, had more vitamin C (33.2 mg/100 g) than the later maturing, Groff and Bosworth-3, cultivars (21.2 and 22.5 mg/100 g, respectively). No correlation was found between ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSS) content. Longans were a good source of K (324.9 mg/100 g) and Cu (0.26 mg/100 g). Consumption of lychee fruit (100 g) would meet 2-4% of the daily recommended intake (DRI) for six minerals (P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn), and 22% of the DRI for Cu. Rambutan fruit had 20% of the DRI for Cu and 8-10% of the DRI for Mn. In general, fruit mineral content was not associated with soil mineral content. |
