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Title: GLUCOSINOLATE-CONTAINING SEEDMEALS WITH BIOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY

Author
item Vaughn, Steven
item Palmquist, Debra
item Berhow, Mark

Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/29/2006
Publication Date: 6/29/2006
Citation: Vaughn, S.F., Palmquist, D.E., Berhow, M.A. 2006. Glucosinolate-containing seedmeals with bioherbicidal activity [abstract]. Proceedings of the Second International Biofumigation Symposium. P. 61.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Seedmeals from fifteen glucosinolate-containing plants were analyzed for herbicidal activity when seedmeals were added to a sandy loam soil at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w), using wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) as bioassay species. For wheat, all of the seedmeals significantly inhibited seedling emergence at the 1.0% concentration. At the 0.1% concentration three of the seedmeals (Brassica juncea, Lunaria annua, and Thlaspi arvense) completely inhibited wheat emergence. For sicklepod emergence, while none were completely inhibitory at the 0.1 % level, eight of the seedmeals (B. juncea, T. arvense, Eruca vesicaria, Erysimum x allioni, Erysimum cheiri, Lepidium sativum, Lobularia maritima, and Matthiola longipetala) were completely inhibitory at the 1% level. Intact glucosinolates and their corresponding hydrolysis products varied among the seedmeals with the highest activity. Major hydrolysis products produced by the seedmeals with the most phytotoxicity, respectively, included allyl isothiocyanate, allyl thiocyanate, isopropyl isothiocyanate, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate and 6-methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate. From our data it appears that both the type and concentration of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products present in the seedmeals affect seed emergence inhibition.