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Title: Registration of hard kernel puroindoline allele nearisogenic line hexaploid wheat genetic stocks.

Author
item Morris, Craig
item KING, G - WSU

Submitted to: Journal of Plant Registrations
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/17/2007
Publication Date: 2/1/2008
Citation: Morris, C.F., King, G.E. 2008. Registration of hard kernel puroindoline allele nearisogenic line hexaploid wheat genetic stocks. Journal of Plant Registrations 2:67-68.

Interpretive Summary: Seven puroindoline allele near-isogenic line (NIL) hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic stocks (GS-xxxx – GS-xxxx; PI 644080 – PI 644086) were developed by Dr. Craig F. Morris at the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Pullman, Washington. As they incorporate the first seven known puroindoline mutations/alleles, they all express hard kernel texture. These genetic stocks were released by the USDA-ARS in February of 2007 due to the utility of such NILs in researching the effects of these puroindoline alleles on kernel texture and wheat grain end-use quality. Further, these NILs, being developed in the ‘Alpowa’ (PI 566595) soft white spring (SWS) wheat cultivar background, will have direct benefit to the development of hard spring wheat cultivars in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere.

Technical Abstract: Seven puroindoline allele near-isogenic line (NIL) hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic stocks (GS-xxxx – GS-xxxx; PI 644080 – PI 644086) were developed by Dr. Craig F. Morris at the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Pullman, Washington. As they incorporate the first seven known puroindoline mutations/alleles, they all express hard kernel texture. These genetic stocks were released by the USDA-ARS in February of 2007 due to the utility of such NILs in researching the effects of these puroindoline alleles on kernel texture and wheat grain end-use quality. Further, these NILs, being developed in the ‘Alpowa’ (PI 566595) soft white spring (SWS) wheat cultivar background, will have direct benefit to the development of hard spring wheat cultivars in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere. Alpowa has been the leading SWS wheat cultivar in Washington since 1997 (U. S. Dept. Agric. National Agric. Statistics Service). These NILs (Table 1) were developed by selecting donor parents that possessed a unique puroindoline a and puroindoline b gene haplotype. Varieties with ‘functional’ or ‘wild-type’ puroindoline sequences (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) have soft kernel texture while varieties with a mutation in puroindoline a or b have hard kernel texture. The tightly linked puroindoline genes represent the molecular-genetic basis of what is known as the Hardness locus on chromosome 5DS (Morris 2002). Each donor parent was crossed as male to the soft white spring wheat cultivar Alpowa; F1 seeds were harvested and planted; plants were allowed to self; F2 seeds were harvested and planted; and plants were allowed to self. The F3 seeds from individual F2 plants were subjected to a progeny phenotypic screening for kernel texture using the Perten Instruments (Springfield, IL) Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) 4100 (Approved Method 55-31; AACC International 2000). The F2 plants were thus identified as being homozygous hard (ha/ha), homozygous soft (Ha/Ha) or heterozygous and segregating (1:2:1 Ha/Ha:Ha/ha:ha/ha) for puroindoline allele at the Hardness locus. A homozygous hard plant was selected for backcrossing using Alpowa as the recurrent male parent and the aforementioned process was repeated. In addition to hard kernel texture, at each cycle the progeny were selected for the morphological and developmental characteristics of Alpowa. In all, seven backcrosses were conducted such that the general pedigree of each NIL is: Alpowa/donor parent//7*Alpowa. All crossing and propagation through the BC7F2 plant stage was conducted under glasshouse environments in the Washington State University (WSU) Plant Growth Facilities. The contribution of Alpowa is hereby gratefully acknowledged. Alpowa is publically-available from the USDA germ plasm collection with no PVP restrictions. It was cooperatively developed by Dr. Calvin Konzak, then spring wheat breeder at WSU, the USDA ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, and others; it was released in 1994. For the first of the NILs developed (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b), BC7F2-derived F3 seed (BC7F2:F3) was used to sow 1-m long single “plant” rows at the WSU Dept. of Plant Pathology Whitlow Farm, Pullman, WA in 2005. Each row was harvested separately, evaluated for kernel texture, and the puroindoline haplotype was confirmed via PCR and DNA gene sequencing (Morris 2002). The BC7F2:F4 seed from 10 selected plots was bulked and advanced; the present release is comprised of BC7F2:F5 grain. The remaining six NILs were obtained by the following, similar procedure: BC7F2:F3 seed from multiple, individual plants of each of the six pedigrees was sown as small 1.2 X 1.2 m 4-row plots at the WSU Spillman Agronomy Farm, Pullman, WA in 2006. Field plots were harvested separately, evaluated for kernel texture (SKCS), and the puroindoline haplotype was confirmed via PCR and DNA sequencing, as appro