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Title: Organellar genome analysis of rye (Secale cereale) representing diverse geographic regions

Author
item ISIK, Z - SABANCI UNIVERSITY
item PARMAKSIZ, I. - GAZI OSMAN PASA U.
item CORUH, C - SABANCI UNIVERSITY
item GEYLAN-SU, Y.S. - SABNACI UNIVERSITY
item CEBECI, O. - SABANCI UNIVERSITY
item Beecher, Brian
item BUDAK, H. - SABANCI UNIVERSITY

Submitted to: Genome
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 6/12/2007
Publication Date: 8/17/2007
Citation: Isik, Z., Parmaksiz, I., Coruh, C., Geylan-Su, Y., Cebeci, O., Beecher, B.S., Budak, H. 2007. Organellar genome analysis of rye (Secale cereale) representing diverse geographic regions. Genome 50: 724-734.

Interpretive Summary: In previous rye genetic analysis, only one genome – known as the nuclear genome – was studied. This study focused instead on the diversity of organellar genome, which study is necessary in order to learn more about the genetic relationships and evolutionary history of rye. The results of this study show that in addition to the geographic location of rye, a germplasm exchange has also influenced the genetic diversity of rye. The data also show that some rye genotypes from different geographic locations cannot be differentiated between genetically. These results could be useful for rye genetics and breeding programs. In addition, the DNA from chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes that were investigated in this study have potential as molecular markers in rye genetics and breeding programs.

Technical Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale) is an important diploid (2n = 14, RR) crop species of the Tritceae and a better understanding of it organellar genome variation can aid in its improvement. Previous genetic analyses of rye focused on the nuclear genome. In the present study, the objective was to investigate the organellar genome diversity and relationships of 96 accessions representing diverse geographic regions using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA PCR-RFLPs. Seven cpDNA and 4 mtDNA coding and noncoding regions were amplified using universal cpDNA and mtDNA primer pairs. Each amplified fragment was digested with 13 different restriction enzymes. mtDNA analysis indicated that the number of polymorphic loci (20) was low and genetic differentiation (GST) was .60, excluding the outgroups (hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42), AABBDD; triticale, xTriticosecale Wittmack, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBRR). cpDNA analysis revealed a low level of polymorphism (40%) among the accessions, and GST 0.39. Of the 96 genotypes studied, 70 could not be differentiated using cpDNA PCR-RFLPs even though they are from different geographic regions. This is most likely due to germplasm exchange, indicatin that genotypes might have a common genetic background. Two cpDNA and 3 mtDNA fragments were significantly correlated to the site of germplasm collection. However, there was no clear trend. These results indicate that the level of organellar polymorphism is low among the cultivated rye genotypes. The cpDNA and mtDNA PCR-RFLP markers used in the present study could be used as molecular markers in rye genetics and breeding programs.