Technical Abstract: Wind erosion is a widespread problem in much of the western United States due to arid conditions and persistent winds. Fugitive dust emitted from eroding land poses a risk to both environmental quality and human health. The Clean Air Act, established in 1971, was revised in 1987 to include ambient air quality standards for PM10 (particulate matter with mean aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 microns) in the atmosphere. Agricultural straw has been widely used for erosion control, but there are numerous drawbacks to its use. Straw is a lightweight material and lacks stability during high winds. There is also growing concern over the introduction of noxious weeds to wildlands, chemical residues from pesticides, and health risks associated with dust particles liberated from the shattering of straw elements during the application process. A wood-based product has been developed as an alternative to agricultural straw for erosion control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the wood-strand material in controlling wind erosion and fugitive dust emissions. A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted to compare the efficacy of wood strands and agricultural straw in reducing sediment loss, PM10 vertical flux, and PM10 loss from bare soil. Results indicated that wood strands are stable at wind speeds of up to 18 m/s while wheat straw was stable only at wind speeds of less than 6.5 m/s. Over this range in wind speed, wood strands and agricultural straw reduced sediment and PM10 loss from bare soil by respectively 90 and 40%. Wood strands, therefore, appear to be a viable wind erosion control material.