Technical Abstract: Information concerning the spatial variation in crop yield has become necessary for site-specific crop management. Traditional satellite imagery has long been used to monitor crop growing conditions and to estimate crop yields over large geographic areas. However, this type of imagery has limited use for assessing within-field yield variability because of its coarse spatial resolution. Therefore, high resolution airborne multispectral and hyperspectral imagery has been used for this purpose. This article presents an overview on the use of remote sensing imagery for mapping crop yield variability and illustrates how airborne hyperspectral imagery can be used for crop yield estimation based on the work conducted at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center at Weslaco, Texas. Some of the challenges and considerations on the use of hyperspectral imagery for yield mapping are discussed.