Comparisons of ga1 with other reputed gibberellin mutants in potato

Authors: Bamberg, John; MILLER, J - Texas A&M University

Submitted to: American Journal of Potato Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/3/2011
Publication Date: 3/10/2012
Citation: Bamberg, J.B., Miller, J.C. 2012. Comparisons of ga1 with other reputed gibberellin mutants in potato. American Journal of Potato Research. 89:142-149.

Interpretive Summary: Potato is the top US vegetable, so advances in the quality of varieties have a great positive impact on potato farmers and the US consumer. In this study we examined a particular gene that has a large effect on the hormone status of the potato plant, We present evidence that two other genes reported in the literature as new are probably the same as the one that we originally identified many years ago (ga1). We also present evidence of frequent and spontaneous mutation of this gene, and how that phenomenon could be exploited. The productivity and quality of the crop is greatly influenced by hormones that affect plant maturity. This research provides knowledge and tools to help potato breeders and farmers in their quest to optimize the crop.

Technical Abstract: Gibberellin deficient mutants in potato have been published as ga1 (from S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and andigena), pito (from the tuberosum cultivar Pito), and ga2 (from the phureja haploid inducing clone “1.22”). We conducted crossing experiments to investigate genetic similarities. When the cultivar Pito was testcrossed with ga1 4x dwarfs, 1/6 of progeny were dwarf, exactly the expectation if Pito is duplex for ga1. Cultivars Pito and known ga1-carriers Superior and Eramosa all have ga1-carrier Early Rose as a common parent, supporting a hypothesis that the mutant described as pito is actually the same allele as ga1 by common descent. When reputed ga2 heterozygous carrier 1.22 was ga1 testcrossed, only one of 418 progeny was dwarf, suggesting that ga1 and ga2 are not allelic. We then attempted to create mutant ga2 in homozygous form. Since 1.22 does not self, it was outcrossed to individuals from S. bukasovii and S. microdontum populations devoid of dwarfs, then backcrossed to 1.22. No dwarfs were found in over 30,000 BC progeny of 44 different F1 hybrids. A possible explanation is that the ga2 mutant may be present only in a particular clonal sport of 1.22 in which it was reported, and not in the original 1.22 clone tested at the US Potato Genebank. Like pito, ga2 may be identical or allelic to ga1, since mutation from the normal to ga1 dwarf allele in 1.22 pollen was evident in the single dwarf recovered in the ga1 testcross progeny of 1.22. Some special genetic mechanism for relatively frequent mutation at this locus must be present, since normal shoots that occasionally arise on dwarf plants show that the recessive ga1 can also spontaneously revert to the dominant functional allele, as confirmed by testcrosses. However, this phenomenon does not appear to explain spontaneous clonal sports of cv Russet Norkotah selected for agronomic characters, which one might expect to result from the presence of more gibberellin-producing alleles.