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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Davis, California » Nat'l Clonal Germplasm Rep - Tree Fruit & Nut Crops & Grapes » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #308065
Title: A modern amplelography: A genetic basis for leaf shape and venation patterning in grape

Author
item CHITWOOD, DANIEL - Danforth Plant Science Center
item RANJAN, ASAHISH - University Of California
item MARTINEZ, CIERA - University Of California
item HEADLAND, LAUREN - University Of California
item THIEM, THINH - University Of California
item KUMAR, RAVI - University Of California
item COVINGTON, MICHAEL - University Of California
item HATCHER, TOMMY - University Of California
item NAYLOR, DANIEL - University Of California
item ZIMMERMAN, SHARON - University Of California
item DOWNS, NORA - University Of California
item RAYMUNDO, NATALY - University Of California
item BUCKLER, EDWARD - University Of California
item MALOOF, JULIAN - University Of California
item Aradhya, Mallikarjuna
item Prins, Bernard - Bernie
item LI, LIN - University Of California
item MYLES, SEAN - University Of California
item SINHA, NEELIMA - University Of California

Submitted to: Plant Physiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/25/2013
Publication Date: 11/27/2013
Citation: Chitwood, D.H., Ranjan, A., Martinez, C.C., Headland, L.R., Thiem, T., Kumar, R., Covington, M.E., Hatcher, T., Naylor, D.T., Zimmerman, S., Downs, N., Raymundo, N., Buckler, E.S., Maloof, J.N., Aradhya, M.K., Prins, B.H., Li, L., Myles, S., Sinha, N.R. 2013. A modern amplelography: A genetic basis for leaf shape and venation patterning in grape. Plant Physiology. 164:259-272..

Interpretive Summary: Terroir, the unique interaction between genotype, environment, and culture, is highly refined in domesticated grape (Vitis vinifera). Toward cultivating terroir, the science of ampelography tried to distinguish thousands of grape cultivars without the aid of genetics. This led to sophisticated phenotypic analyses of natural variation in grape leaves, which within a palmate-lobed framework exhibit diverse patterns of blade outgrowth, hirsuteness, and venation patterning. Here, we provide a morphometric analysis of more than 1,200 grape accessions. Elliptical Fourier descriptors provide a global analysis of leaf outlines and lobe positioning, while a Procrustes analysis quantitatively describes venation patterning. Correlation with previous ampelography suggests an important genetic component, which we confirm with estimates of heritability. We further use RNA-Seq of mutant varieties and performa genome-wide association study to explore the genetic basis of leaf shape. Meta-analysis reveals a relationship between leaf morphology and hirsuteness, traits known to correlate with climate in the fossil record and extant species. Together, our data demonstrate a genetic basis for the intricate diversity present in grape leaves. We discuss the possibility of using grape leaves as a breeding target to preserve terroir in the face of anticipated climate change, a major problem facing viticulture.

Technical Abstract: Terroir, the unique interaction between genotype, environment, and culture, is highly refined in domesticated grape (Vitis vinifera). Toward cultivating terroir, the science of ampelography tried to distinguish thousands of grape cultivars without the aid of genetics. This led to sophisticated phenotypic analyses of natural variation in grape leaves, which within a palmate-lobed framework exhibit diverse patterns of blade outgrowth, hirsuteness, and venation patterning. Here, we provide a morphometric analysis of more than 1,200 grape accessions. Elliptical Fourier descriptors provide a global analysis of leaf outlines and lobe positioning, while a Procrustes analysis quantitatively describes venation patterning. Correlation with previous ampelography suggests an important genetic component, which we confirm with estimates of heritability. We further use RNA-Seq of mutant varieties and performa genome-wide association study to explore the genetic basis of leaf shape. Meta-analysis reveals a relationship between leaf morphology and hirsuteness, traits known to correlate with climate in the fossil record and extant species. Together, our data demonstrate a genetic basis for the intricate diversity present in grape leaves. We discuss the possibility of using grape leaves as a breeding target to preserve terroir in the face of anticipated climate change, a major problem facing viticulture.