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Title: Annotated checklist of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) for Peru

Author
item SARKINEN, TINA - ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS
item BADEN, MARIA - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK
item GONZALES, PAUL - NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS
item CUEVA, MARCO - NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAINT AUGUSTINE
item GIACOMIN, LEANARDO - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARA
item SPOONER, DAVID
item SIMON, REINHARD - INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER
item JUAREZ, HENRY - INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER
item NINA, PAMELA - NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS
item MOLINA, JOHANNY - NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS
item KNAPP, SANDRA - LONDON NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Submitted to: Revista Peruana de Biología
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/30/2015
Publication Date: 4/30/2015
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/60793
Citation: Sarkinen, T., Baden, M., Gonzales, P., Cueva, M., Giacomin, L.L., Spooner, D.M., Simon, R., Juarez, H., Nina, P., Molina, J., Knapp, S. 2015. Annotated checklist of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) for Peru. Revista Peruana de Biología. 22(1):3-62.

Interpretive Summary: The genus Solanum is one of the economically most important plant families on earth, containing potato, tomato, chilies, and other lesser-known fruits and vegetables, as well as important drug plants. Peru is a center of species diversity of Solanum. This study gathered locational data of all of the species of Solanum of Peru, mapped them, and examined their patterns of diversity across the country to place priorities on the collection of these for future use. We document 276 species of Solanum in the country, of which 253 are native, while 23 are introduced and/or cultivated. A total of 74 Solanum species (29% of native species) are endemic (only known from) Peru. An additional 58 species occur only in small number of populations outside Peru, and these species are here labelled as near-endemics to highlight the role Peru plays in their future protection. Species diversity is observed to peak between 2500-3000 m elevation, but endemic species diversity is highest between 3000-3500 m elevation. We show high centers of species diversity in the provinces (departments in parentheses) of Cajamarca (Cajamarca), Huaraz and Carhuaz (Ancash), and Canta and Huarochirí (Lima). Secondary centers of endemism with high concentrations of both endemics and near-endemics are found in San Ignacio and Cutervo (Cajamarca), Santiago de Chuco (La Libertad), Oxapampa (Pasco), and Cusco (Cusco). Our study is useful in highlighting areas in need of protection and of further collection in Peru.

Technical Abstract: The genus Solanum is among the most species-rich genera both of the Peruvian flora and of the tropical Andes in general. The present revised checklist treats 276 species of Solanum L., of which 253 are native, while 23 are introduced and/or cultivated. A total of 74 Solanum species (29% of native species) are endemic to Peru. Additional 58 species occur only in small number of populations outside Peru, and these species are here labelled as near-endemics to highlight the role Peru plays in their future protection. Species diversity is observed to peak between 2500-3000 m elevation, but endemic species diversity is highest between 3000-3500 m elevation. Cajamarca has the highest number of endemic (29 spp.) and total species (130 spp.), even when considering the effect of area. Centers of endemic species diversity are observed in the provinces of Cajamarca (Cajamarca), Huaraz and Carhuaz (Ancash), and Canta and Huarochirí (Lima). Secondary centers of endemism with high concentrations of both endemics and near-endemics are found in San Ignacio and Cutervo (Cajamarca), Santiago de Chuco (La Libertad), Oxapampa (Pasco), and Cusco (Cusco). Current diversity patterns are highly correlated with collection densities, and further collecting is needed across all areas, especially from Arequipa, Ayacucho, Puno, Ancash, Huánuco, Amazonas and Cajamarca, where high levels of species diversity and endemism are indicated but only a few collections of many species are known.