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Title: GENERA OF BIONECTRIACEAE, HYPOCREACEAE AND NECTRIACEAE IN THE HYPOCREALES

Author
item Rossman, Amy
item Samuels, Gary
item ROGERSON, CLARK - NEW YORK BOT. GARDEN
item LOWEN, ROSALIND - NEW YORK BOT. GARDEN

Submitted to: Studies in Mycology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/15/1999
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Fungi in the ascomycete order Hypocreales are of great importance to humanity in areas ranging from the cause of serious plant diseases and use as biological control agents to the production of powerful antibiotics. However, control and use of these fungi are hindered by lack of knowledge about the relationships within the Hypocreales. Following an examination of the type or standard specimen of the almost 200 genera that have been placed in this order, an evaluation is made for each name. This research provides a key to the identification of all genera included in the Hypocreales and discusses the placement of those genera excluded from the Hypocreales. For all genera in the Hypocreales descriptions and illustrations are provided as well as keys for the identification of species in some genera. This publication will be used by those seeking to identify these fungi in, for example, developing strategies to control diseases caused by these fungi through crop management and plant breeding or using these fungi as biological control agents to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture systems.

Technical Abstract: The Hypocreales is an order of ascomycetous fungi that includes several thousand described species of Euascomycetes as well as related asexual fungi many of which are not known to reproduce sexually. For the past 100 years the Hypocreales has been know to reproduce sexually. For the past 100 years the Hypocreales has been the repository for all light-to-bright- colored, fleshy, perithecial ascomycetes. Based on studies of ascomatal development, the Hypocreales was restricted to species having a Nectria- type centrum and a key to the genera in the Hypocreales was published in 1970 based on a review of the literature. At that time 115 genera with 26 generic synonyms were accepted in the Hypocreales exclusive of the Clavicipitales. Since 1970, 58 additional genera have been included in the Hypocreales. This publication presents the results of an examination of all available type specimens of the type species in the genera that were placed in the Hypocreales. This publication presents the results of an examination of all available type specimens of the type species in the genera that were placed in the Hypocreales. Based on these studies, 57 genera including six newly described genera with 43 generic synonyms are accepted in three families Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae, of the Hypocreales. Nine genera with to generic synonyms are included in the Niessliaceae and six genera with one generic synonym are placed in the Clavicipitaceae. The remaining 83 genera are excluded from the Hypocreales and redisposed in their appropriate family and order. Genera excluded from the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae are described and illustrated based on their type species.