Technical Abstract: Hedysarum boreale Nutt. is a perennial legume native to Western North America, with robust foliage in the late spring season. Due to its wide native range and value as a forage and nitrogen fixer, H. boreale is of interest for rangeland revegetation and production. Seed cost has been a major obstacle for utilization of H. boreale, primarily due to shattering and unreliable seed production, such that a need for improved germplasm exists. This study was conducted to characterize genetic relationships of H. boreale accessions, so germplasm development efforts will have information necessary to maintain a broad genetic base within improved germplasm. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used on 17 available accessions from Utah, Idaho, Colorado, and Alaska, USA. Seventy percent of the total genetic variation was found within accessions, yet each accession showed significant isolation by distance. Genetic diversity within accessions was greatest in sites located in Eastern Utah. The sole cultivar, 'TIMP', had slightly greater genetic diversity than a collection made from the same site approximately 20 years later. Two groups of meta-populations were identified in Utah, separated longitudinally approximately along the Wasatch mountain range.