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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Lexington, Kentucky » Forage-animal Production Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #229820
Title: Contribution of Ergot Alkaloids to Suppression of a Grass-Feeding Caterpillar Assessed with Gene-Knockout Endophytes in Perennial Rygrass

Author
item POTTER, D - UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
item STOKES, J - UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
item REDMOND, C - UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
item SCHARDL, C - UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
item PANACCIONE, D - UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY

Submitted to: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/25/2007
Publication Date: 2/1/2008
Citation: Potter, D.A., Stokes, J.T., Redmond, C.T., Schardl, C.L., Panaccione, D.G. 2008. Contribution of Ergot Alkaloids to Suppression of a Grass-Feeding Caterpillar Assessed with Gene-Knockout Endophytes in Perennial Rygrass. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 126:138-147.

Interpretive Summary: Submitted to Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. University of Kentucky publication funded via a congressionally mandated SCA entitled "Continuation of Improved Forage Livestock Production Systems (CRIS Number: 6440-21310-002-05S)".

Technical Abstract: Neotyphodium and Epichloë species (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) are fungal symbionts (endophytes) of grasses. Many of these endophytes produce alkaloids that enhance their hosts' resistance to insects or are toxic to grazing mammals. The goals of eliminating from forage grasses factors such as ergot alkaloids that are responsible for livestock disorders, while retaining pasture sustainability, and of developing resistant turf grasses, require better understanding of how particular alkaloids affect insect herbivores. We used perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae) symbiotic with Neotyphodium lolii × Epichloë typhina isolate Lp1 (a natural interspecific hybrid), as well as with genetically modified strains of Lp1 with altered ergot alkaloid profiles, to test effects of ergot alkaloids on feeding, growth, and survival of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a generalist grass-feeding caterpillar. Neonates or late instars were provided clippings from glasshouse-grown plants in choice and rearing trials. Wild-type endophytic grass showed strong antixenosis and antibiosis, especially to neonates. Plant-endophyte symbiota from which complex ergot alkaloids (ergovaline and lysergic acid amides such as ergine) or all ergot alkaloids were eliminated by endophyte gene knockout retained significant resistance against neonates. However, this activity was reduced compared to that of wild-type Lp1, providing the first direct genetic evidence that ergot alkaloids contribute to insect resistance of endophytic grasses. Similarity of larval response to the two mutants suggested that ergovaline and/or ergine account for the somewhat greater potency of wild-type Lp1 compared to the knockouts, whereas simpler ergot alkaloids contribute little to that added resistance. All of the endophyte strains also produced peramine, which was probably their primary resistance component. This study suggests that ergot alkaloids can be eliminated from an endophyte of perennial ryegrass while retaining significant insect resistance.