Technical Abstract: Although weeds are commonly regarded as being negative influences on crop production, they also contribute toward vegetational diversity in agroecosystems which generally promotes food web stability. Di- and polyculture crop systems have been shown to reduce populations and injury inflected by many crop pests, and weeds have been shown to induce similar effects. Sugarcane, being a perennial plant, offers an illustrative example for the effects of weed communities in and around the field, and sugarcane is arguably one of the most widely studied crops in terms of its relationships with weeds. This review examines what is known about weed interactions with other biotic compartments of sugarcane agroecosystems, including nematodes, plant pathogens, arthropod communities, and the crop itself. Three economically important stalkboring lepidopteran pests of sugarcane, in particular, have received the most attention: the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), and the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), and the eldana borer, Eldana saccharina Walker. Diatraea saccharalis interactions with weeds involve enhanced populations of predators, especially the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Eoreuma loftini and E. saccharina associations with weeds and other crops occur more on a agricultural landscape scale, wherein plant diversification can exacerbate the spread and degree of infestation. Weed interactions with pests are discussed in terms of tactics for use in integrated pest management strategies.