Technical Abstract: The USDA food and nutrient databases provide the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition research, nutrition monitoring, and dietary practice. They have had a long history that goes back to 1892, and are unique, as they are the only databases available in the public domain that perform these function. There are four major food and nutrient databases released by the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), part of USDA’s Agricultural Research Service. These include the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR), the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) and the USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED). The users of the databases are diverse and include government agencies, food industry, health professionals, restaurants, software application developers, academia, research organizations, international organizations and foreign governments, among others. Many of these users have partnered with BHNRC to leverage funds and/or scientific expertise to work towards common goals. The use of the databases has increased tremendously in the past few years, especially the breadth of uses. These new uses of the data are bound to increase; with increased availability of technology and public health emphasis on diet related measures such as sodium and calorie reduction. Hence continued improvement of the databases is important, so that they can better address these challenges and provide reliable and accurate data.