Slide 26.   Stewart Rendell , director of H&R Dairies in South Australia is interested in several aspects of PAM use.  He is interested in the erosion preventing and infiltration enhancing aspects of PAM with furrow-irrigated row crops.  He is also interested in finding new ways to use PAM in rice production to reduce the turbidity of rice water, which contributes to poor stand establishment and reduced growth early in the life cycle of rice.  He was also cognizant of the need to prevent water from infiltrating faster with PAM.  His discussions helped identify a possible strategy of two stage flooding of rice.  Initial flooding with untreated water would help disperse and seal the soil.  A short interruption of the flooding could help consolidate this seal, followed by a second stage of flooding with PAM-treated water (possibly PAM plus a calcium source, e.g. gypsum) to flocculate the turbidity of the remaining incoming water to allow better light penetration, thereby helping germination and early growth.