Author
 |
Schreiner, Roger |
|
Submitted to: Proceedings of the Soil Environment and Vine Mineral Nutrition Symposium
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 8/6/2004 Publication Date: 9/1/2005 Citation: Schreiner, R.P. 2005. Mycorrhizae and mineral acquistion in grapevines. Proceedings of the Soil Environment and Vine Mineral Nutrition Symposium, American Society of Enology and Viticulture. p. 49-60. Interpretive Summary: The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in growth and mineral uptake by grapevines is reviewed in relation to published and unpublished work. A survey of the limited studies conducted on mineral uptake showed that AMF increased phosphorus uptake by grapevines in all cases but one. Nitrogen, potassium, calcium, zinc and copper uptake were also shown to be enhanced by AMF in some studies. Based on published research, enhanced phosphorus uptake in grapevines by AMF is not influenced by soil texture or soil pH over the range of 5.9-8.4. However, AMF colonization of roots in vineyards from various regions suggests that the functioning of AMF may be limited below a soil pH of 5.5. Practical considerations for managing AMF in vineyards are presented. A review of published research on nutrient uptake by whole vines and a discussion of the role played by AMF in the drought tolerance of grapevines are also presented. Technical Abstract: Grapevines (Vitis spp.) form associations in fine roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from the order Glomales. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance the growth and mineral uptake of many plants by producing an absorptive, mycelial network in soil that helps roots capture water and nutrients required for plant growth. Numerous studies have shown that grapevines are dependent on AMF for normal growth and development, although few reports have focused on the role of AMF in grapevine nutrient uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been shown to increase phosphorus uptake by grapevines more often than other nutrients, in accordance with the literature from other crops. Much less is known about the role of AMF in the uptake of other plant nutrients in grapevines. While AMF have been reported to increase nitrogen, potassium, and zinc uptake in a few studies, these findings may not be universal. Enhanced uptake of nutrients by AMF in vineyards is dependent on a variety of soil properties and management inputs. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may also enhance the drought tolerance of grapevines which is likely related to improved plant nutrient status as found with other crops. Mycorrhizae are expected to play an increasingly important role in vineyard production systems as more acreage receives reduced water inputs to enhance fruit quality and as more vineyards are planted on less fertile soils. |
