Submitted to: Biology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/18/2024
Publication Date: 9/20/2024
Citation: Wei, W., Zhao, Y., Quaglino, F. 2024. Phytoplasmas: Molecular characterization and host-pathogen interactions. Biology. 13(9):735. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090735.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090735

Interpretive Summary: Phytoplasmas are small, wall-less bacteria that infect many plant species, often causing significant economic damage to agricultural crops, ornamental plants, and trees. From 2022 to 2023, ARS scientists in Beltsville, Maryland, in collaboration with an Italian researcher, led a journal Special Issue featuring nine research articles and one review. This editorial summarizes key research published in the Special Issue, offering insights into phytoplasma genomics, physiology, and epidemiology across diverse crops such as grapevines, citrus, sesame, and sandalwood. Notable findings include the complete genome assembly of the Flavescence Dorée phytoplasma and its effects on grapevine xylem function, as well as the identification of mixed infections in citrus, where multiple phytoplasma strains complicate disease diagnosis and management. The editorial also explores advances in phytoplasma detection and classification, highlighting the vital role of molecular techniques in the accurate identification and management of these pathogens. The editorial emphasizes the importance of ongoing research to overcome the challenges of phytoplasma-related diseases, reduce economic losses, and safeguard crop health. Overall, the Special Issue is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and stakeholders in plant pathology and disease management.

Technical Abstract: Phytoplasmas are minute, unculturable bacteria that infect a wide range of plants and multiply within phloem-feeding insects of the Hemiptera order. The transkingdom life cycle of phytoplasmas contributes to the complexity of their pathosystem and epidemiology, spanning diverse ecological environments. This editorial introduces a Special Issue comprising nine research articles and one review, presenting significant progress in understanding phytoplasma genomics, physiology, and epidemiology across various crops such as grapevines, citrus, sesame, and sandalwood. Studies include the assembly of the Flavescence Dorée phytoplasma genome and insights into grapevine xylem impairment, as well as the detection of mixed infections in citrus. Additionally, advances in phytoplasma detection and taxonomy are outlined, emphasizing the importance of modern molecular techniques and the need for continued research to manage phytoplasma-associated diseases effectively. These articles offer new perspectives and findings, highlighting the importance of continuing research in this dynamic field.