ISOPP 3

Poisonous Plants (1988)

Edited by: L.F. James, R.F. Keeler, E.M. Bailey, Jr., P.R. Cheeke, M.P. Hegarty

Published by: Iowa State University Press / Ames, 1992, 661 pages, ISBN 0-8138-1241-0

Chapters/Sections

I.  General Topics:

• The economic impacts of livestock poisonings by plants (DB Nielsen, LF James), page 3
• Variation in animal species' response to plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses in Southern Africa (TW Naude, JAW Coetzer, TS Kellerman), page 11
• How herbivores cope with phytotoxins and ways plants circumvent the system (FD Provenze, JA Pfister, CD Cheney), page 21
• Poisonous plants from a range scientist's point of view (WA Laycock), page 30

II.  Poisonous Plants of the Word:

• Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa (TS Kellerman, JAW Coetzer, TW Naude), page 43
• The indigenous poisonous plants of Australia and New Zealand (AA Seawright, BL Smith), page 55
• Poisonous plants of Brazil (CH Tokarnia, J Dobereiner, PV Peixoto), page 63
• Poisonous plants of Europe (GG Habermehl), page74
• Poisonous plants of Southeast Asia (JB Lowry), page 84
• Poisonous plants of North America (LF James, SL Welsh), page 94

III.  Locoweeds, Swainsonine, and Legumes:

• Practical uses of swainsonine in biomedical research (K Olden, Y Yasuda, SA Newton, S Mohla, K Grzegorzewski, O Oredipe, A Asseffa, SL White), page 107
• The toxic principle of Chinese locoweeds (Oxytropis and Astragalus): toxicity in goats (GR Cao, SJ Li, DX Duan, RJ Molyneux, LF James, K Wang, C Tong), page 117
• Total synthesis of swainsonine, castanospermine, and related alkaloids (RB Bennett III, J-R Choi, JK Cha), page 122
• The hepatotoxicity of indospicine in dogs (WR Kelly, MP Young, MP Hegarty, GD Simpson), page 126
• Biotransformation of 3-nitropropanol by alcohol dehydrogenase (RE McDiarmid, MA Pass, MH Benn, W Majak), page 131
• Alpha-mannosidase inhibitory activity of locoweed extracts after incubation in rumen fluid (PR Miller, DE Kiehl, GS Smith), page 137
• Toxicity to chicks of combinations of miserotoxin, nitrate, selenium, and soluble oxalate (MC Williams, JD Olsen), page 143
• The growth and miserotoxin content of Columbia milkvetch following early spring grazing or clipping (DA Quinton, W Majak), page 148
• Selenium poisoning in livestock (LF James, KE Panter, RJ Molyneux), page 153

IV.  Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids:

• Recent advances in pyrrolizidine research (AR Mattocks), page 161
• Alexine and related polyhydroxylated alkaloids (RJ Nash, LE Fellows, AM Scofield, GWJ Fleet), page 169
• Copper, Vitamin A, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid interactions in livestock and laboratory animals (PR Cheeke), page 175
• DNA cross-linking by pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RA Coulombe, Jr, JR Hincks, H-Y Kim, HJ Segall, FR Stermitz, RJ Molyneux), page 181
• The threshold for toxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline (PJ Shubat, RJ Huxtable), page 186
• Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: what metabolites are responsible for extrahepatic tissue damage in animals? (AR Mattocks), page 192
• The chemisty of pyrrolizidine and indolizidine alkaloids and their occurrence in toxic range plants (RJ Molyneux, LF James), page 198
• Toxic pyrrolizidine, quinolizidine, and piperidine alkaloids of root parasitic plants used in folk medicine (FR Stermitz, MJ Schneider, LD Schell, S McGregor), page 204
• Anaerobic metabolism of toxic compounds by ruminant bacteria (AM Craig, LL Blythe, ED Lassen), page 208
• Cell proliferation in the lungs of monocrotaline-treated rats (DW Wilson, AH Hacker, HJ Segall), page 215
• Role of cytochrome P-450 inducers on the in vitro metabolism of senecionine by rabbit liver microsomes (CL Miranda, RL Reed, J-L Wang, MC Henderson, DR Buhler), page 221

V.  Lupines, Phomopsins, and Thermopsis:

• Recent advances with cultivated lupins with emphasis on toxicological aspects (JG Allen), page 229
• Vaccination against lupinosis (AL Payne, KA Than, PL Stewart, JA Edgar), page 234
• Induction of crooked calf disease by the piperdine alkaloid-containing plant Lupinus formosus (RF Keeler, KE Panter), page 239
• The effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers and inhibitors on the toxicity of phomopsins in the rat (JG Allen), page 245
• The toxicogenicity of isolates of Phomopsis and Diaporthe spp. obtained from soybean plants and the apparent production of cytochalasins by Phomopsis longicolla (JG Allen, GE Stovold, BJ Blaney, HJP Smith, TJ Shaw, AL Tyler), page 251
• Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the phomopsin mycotoxins (KA Than, AL Payne, JA Edgar), page 259
• Myopathy associated with Thermopsis montana ingestion in cattle (DC Baker, RF Keeler), page 264

VI.  Identification, Analyses:

• The isolation and identification of plant toxins (SM Colegate, PR Dorling), page 273
• Chemistry and toxic effects of the active compounds from Wedelia asperrima (PB Oelrichs, JK MacLeod, IAS Lewis, M Klingenberg), page 282
• Isolation and identification of the toxic principles in Bryophyllum tubiflorum (Kalanchoe) (PB Oelrichs, JK MacLeod, RJ Capon), page 288
• The chemical indentification of plant toxins in ingesta and forage (RA Smith), page 293
• Neurotoxicity of sesquiterpene lactones (RJ Riopelle, RJ Boegman, PB Little, KL Stevens), page 298
• The alkaloids of Delphinium nuttallianum: the cattle=poisoning low larkspur of interior British Columbia (Y Bai, MH Benn, W Majak), page 304
• The phenological variation of diterpeniod alkaloids in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) (GD Manners, MH Ralphs, JA Pfister, JD Olsen), page 309
• Characterization of chemical constituents and toxicity evaluation of some poisonous plants (K Usmanghani), page 314

VII.  General Plant Studies:

• Systematic studies in the valuation of plant chemicals (LE Fellows, MD Cole, GC Kite, RJ Nash), page 329
• Plant poisoning in camelids (ME Fowler), page 335
• Plant poisoning in humans (DJ Wagstaff), page 340
• A general overview of poisonous plants in Pakistan (K Usmanghani), page 349
• Mineral supplementation of cattle grazing tall larkspur-infested rangeland: effects on ingestion and rumen fluid dynamics (JA Pfister, LA Kitchen, GD Manners), page 353
• Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) control in Wyoming rangeland and pastures (TD Whitson, JW Freeburn), page 358

VIII.  Rumen, Bacteria, Mycotoxins, and Immunology:

• The potential for plant detoxification through manipulation of the rumen fermentation (MJ Allison, MA Rasmussen), page 367
• Lathyrus sylvestris (flatpea) toxicity iin sheep and ruminal metabolism of flatpea neurolathyrogens (MA Rasmussen, JG Foster, MJ Allison), page 377
• Effects of ponderosa pine needle consumption on ruminal microflora in cattle (RD Wiedmeier, JA Pfister, DC Adams, JR Bair, DV Sisson), page 382
• Ponderosa pine-induced premature bovine parturition (KE Panter, LF James, RJ Molyneux, RE Short), page 387
• "Krimpsiekte": a chronic, paralytic syndrome of small stock caused by cumulative bufadienolide cardiac glycosides (TW Naude, LAP Anderson, RA Schultz, TS Kellerman), page 392
• A lethal mass neurotoxicosis in sheep caused by Aspergillus clavatus-contaminated feed (A Shlosberg, I Zadikov, S Perl, B Yakobson, D Elad, E Rapoport), page 397

IX.  Toxins and Mechanisms of Intoxication:

• Toxins and mechanisms of intoxication (MA Pass), page 405
• Nephrotoxicity of Isotropis forrestii: pathology of intoxication and the structural determination of (+)-iforrestine, a nephrotoxic alkaloid isolated from the plant (SM Colegate, PR Dorling, CR Huxtable, TJ Shaw, BW Skelton, P Vogel, AH White), page 414
• Studies on the Solanum tuberosum sprout teratogen (W Gaffield, RF Keeler, DC Baker, AE Stafford), page 418
• Post-harvest change in cornstalk nitrate and its relationship to bovine fetal nitrite/nitrate exposure (JL Johnson, GW Hergert, NR Schneider, P Grabouski), page 423
• Prevention of hydrolysable tannin toxicity by calcium hydroxide supplementation in goats fed Clidemia hirta (TB Murdiati, CS McSweeney, RSF Campbell, DR Stoltz), page 431
• Cardiotoxic effects of gossypol in lambs (SE Morgan), page 436
• Immunization against lantana toxins (MA Pass, C Stewart), page 443
• Carcinogenicity of Pteridium esculentum and Cheilanthes sieberi in Australia and New Zealand (BL Smith, PP Embling, DR Lauren, MP Agnew), page 448
• Conditioned food aversion learning: training animals to avoid eating larkspur plants (MH Ralphs, JD Olsen), page 453
• Stypandra species (blindgrass) toxicity: chemistry, biosynthesis, and chemotaxonomy (SM Colegate, PR Dorling, CR Huxtable), page 459
• Stypandra poisoning: the role of stypandrol and proposed pathomechanisms (CR Huxtable, PR Dorling, SM Colegate), page 464
• The molecular mechanism of stypandrol poisoning (PR Dorling, SM Colegate, CR Huxtable), page 469
• Biting the biocide bullet (JA Duke), page 474

X.  Specific Plant Studies:

• Radio-ultrasound observations of poisonous plant-induced fetotoxicity in livestock (KE Panter, LF James, RF Keeler, TD Bunch), page 481
• Experimental cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) intoxication in calves (T Martin, BJ Johnson, S Sangiah, GE Burrows), page 489
• Experimental intoxication in sheep by Asclepias (L Ogden, GE Burrows, RJ Tyrl, RW Ely), page 495
• Comparison of Asclepias species based on their toxic effects on chickens (L Ogden, GE Burrows, RJ Tyrl, SL Gorham), page 500
• Studies on Camptotheca acuminata leaves: main toxic principle, poisoning, and treatment in goats (GR Cao, JX Gao, DX Duan, SJ Li, K Wang), page 506
• Research on the pathogenesis of oak leaf poisoning in cattle (ZC Shi), page 509
• Philodendron poisoning--a delayed death (MS McIntire, JR Guest, JF Porterfield), page 517

XI.  Poster Presentations:

• New glycosides of 3-nitropropanol from Astragalus miser var. serotinus (W Majak, MH Benn), page 523
• Ecology, control, and grazing management of locoweeds in the western U.S. (MH Ralphs), page 528
• Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Amsinckia gloriosa (RB Kelley, JN Seiber), page 534
• A preliminary report on the use of new Phomopsis-resistant cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius to prevent lupinosis (JG Allen, WA Cowling), page 539
• Application of X-ray crystallography to the determination of molecular structure and conformation of poisonous plant constituents (RY Wong), page 542
• Chromatographic techniques for the identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (ME Stelljes, RB Kelley, JN Seiber), page 548
• The simple detection of potentially toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids under "field" conditions (AR Mattocks, R Jukes), page 553
• Isolation and identification of the pain-producing peptide moroidin from Dendrocnide moroides (Laportea) (PB Oelrichs, DH Williams), page 556
• Cyanogenic plants of Zimbabwe (GE Burrows, RB Drummond, CDK Basudde), page 561
• Patterns in poisonous plant literature (DJ Wagstaff), page 567
• Computerization of poisonous plant bibliography (DJ Wagstaff), page 570
• Association of systemic fungal endophytes with stock-poisoning grasses (JF White Jr, PM Halisky), page 574
• Developmental toxicity of an isolate from Solanum dimidiatum (potato-weed) in Syrian golden hamsters (SW Casteel, EM Bailey, Jr), page 579
• ¹⁴C-Monocrotaline tissue distribution, covalent binding and kinetics in the rat (JE Estep, MW Lame, D Morin, HJ Segall, DW Wilson), page 584
• Metabolism of ¹⁴C-Monocrotaline by the in situ isolated perfused liver (MW Lame, D Morin, AD Jones, HJ Segall, DW Wilson), page 589
• Evidence for the production of a reactive intermediate of senecionine by rat hepatic microsomes (RL Reed, CL Miranda, MC Henderson, DR Buhler), page 594
• Phomopsin A levels in lupin stubbles (PW Morcombe, JG Allen, GR Hancock, R Jacob, DL Hopkins), page 599
• Pulmonary toxicity of 3-substituted furan, myomontanone, in mice: histopathology and cell kinetics (J Hrdlicka, AA Seawright), page 602
• Identification of the octapeptide lophyrotomin in the European birch sawfly (Arge pullata) and some studies on its role and biosynthesis (PB Oelrichs, DH Williams, SM Thamsborg), page 606
• Identification of tunicaminyluracil antibiotics in water-damaged wheat responsible for the death of pigs (PA Cockrum, JA Edgar, AL Payne, MV Jago), page 611
• Case history: toxicosis of unknown origin (JL Johnson, JT Nichols, DE Maseberg), page 616
• Hepatic fatty cirrhosis: 1987-88 update (T Garland, EM Bailey Jr, JC Reagor, LP Jones, LG Adams), page 619
• The toxicity of avocado (Persea americana) leaves for the lactating mammary gland of the goat (AL Craigmill, AA Seawright, T Mattila, AJ Frost), page 623
• The toxicity of Eupatorium adenophorum for the liver of the mouse (Y Sani, PAW Harper, RL Cook, AA Seawright, JC Ng), page 626
• Pathophysiologic effects of an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra) when administered via nasogastric tube to the horse (FD Galey, VR Beasley, AR Twardock, HE Whiteley, TE Goetz, JO Hall, R Manual), page 630
• Organofluorine compounds present in South African Dichapetalum cymosum (gifblaar) leaves (HM Stahr), page 636