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1 - Wetland Reservoir Subirrigation System (WRSIS) 2 - Page 2 3 - Page 3 4 - Page 4 5 - Page 5 6 - Page 6 7 - Page 7 8 - Page 8 9 - Page 9 10 - Page 11 11 - Page 12 12 - Page 10 13 - Page 13

 

WRSIS Climate Data (1996 - 2006)

Table 1: Mean Monthly Growing Season Climate Data Averaged Over the WRSIS Sites 

Month	Precip.M1 mm (inches)	PETM:Corn2 mm (inches)	PETM:Soybeans2 mm (inches)	Precip.M - PETM:Corn mm (inches)	Precip.M - ETM:Soybeans mm (inches)
May	91 (3.6)	35 (1.4)	30 (1.2)	56 (2.2)	61 (2.4)
June	94 (3.7)	97 (3.82)	94 (3.7)	-3 (-0.1)	0 (0.0)
July	92 (3.6)	149 (5.9)	141 (5.6)	-57 (-2.2)	-49 (-1.9)
August	78 (3.1)	122 (4.8)	115 (4.5)	-44 (-1.7)	-37 (-1.5)
September	81 (3.2)	61 (2.4)	52 (2.1)	20 (0.8)	29 (1.1)
Total	436 (17.2)	464 (18.3)	432 (17.0)	-28 (-1.1)	4 (0.2)

¹  Data obtained from the NOAA - NationalClimateDataCenter.

²  Value calculated using NOAA - NationalClimateDataCenter temperature data.

 

Figure 6.  Average WRSIS precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data.  As shown, even in an average year with regard to precipitation, there is still a substantial crop water deficit, based on PET, in the crucial growing season months of July and August.

Table 2:  Total Growing Season (May 1 - Sept. 30) WRSIS Climate Data: 1996-2006

County	Year	Deviation from Average Precip.1 mm (inches)	Precip. - PETCorn2   mm (inches)	Precip. - PETSoybeans2   mm (inches)
Defiance (Weather station is in city of Defiance, OH.)	1997	250 (9.8)	234 (9.2)	265 (10.4)
	1998	3 (0.1)	-56 (-2.2)	-21 (-0.8)
	1999	-130 (-5.1)	-195 (-7.7)	-161 (-6.3)
	2000	703(2.83)	323(1.33)	653(2.63)
	2001	2 (0.1)	-39 (-1.5)	-6 (-0.2)
	2002	-28 (-1.1)	-98 (-3.9)	-63 (-2.5)
	2003	239 (9.4)	217 (8.5)	248 (9.8)
	2004	176 (6.9)	156 (6.1)	188 (7.4)
	2005	-88 (-3.5)	-166 (-6.5)	-131 (-5.2)
	2006	69 (2.7)	24 (0.9)	56 (2.2)
Fulton (Weather station is in city of Wauseon, OH.)	1996	-45 (-1.8)	-48 (-1.9)	-18 (-0.7)
	1997	213 (8.4)	219 (8.6)	247 (9.7)
	1998	63 (2.5)	39 (1.5)	71 (2.8)
	1999	-41 (-1.6)	-79 (-3.1)	-47 (-1.9)
	2000	203 (8.0)	195 (7.7)	226 (8.9)
	2001	42 (1.7)	14 (0.6)	45 (1.8)
	2002	-153 (-6.0)	-215 (-8.5)	-182 (-7.2)
	2003	151 (5.9)	142 (5.6)	172 (6.8)
	2004	57 (2.2)	66 (2.6)	96 (3.8)
	2005	-51 (-2.0)	-100 (-3.9)	-67 (-2.6)
	2006	208 (8.2)	183 (7.2)	214 (8.4)
Van Wert (Weather station is in city of Van Wert, OH.)	1997	225 (8.9)	220 (8.7)	250 (9.8)
	1998	68 (2.7)	5 (0.2)	41 (1.6)
	1999	-108 (-4.3)	-176 (-6.9)	-141 (-5.6)
	2000	174 (6.9)	147 (5.8)	179 (7.1)
	2001	593 (2.33)	183 (0.73)	513 (2.03)
	2002	-78 (-3.1)	-148 (-5.8)	-113 (-4.5)
	2003	390 (15.4)	374 (14.7)	405 (15.9)
	2004	299 (11.8)	302 (11.9)	334 (13.2)
	2005	-49 (-1.9)	-117 (-4.6)	-82 (-3.2)
	2006	71 (2.8)	39 (1.5)	71 (2.8)

 

¹  Equals the growing season precipitation for a particular year minus the average growing season precipitation.  Data obtained from the NOAA - NationalClimateDataCenter.

²  Equals the growing season precipitation for a particular year minus that year's calculated growing season potential crop evapotranspiration.  Data obtained from the NOAA - NationalClimateDataCenter.

³ This value may be significantly underestimated due to missing data.

Note:  Total growing season evapotranspiration was determined by adding May through September monthly values calculated using the following equation:

PET_Crop =k_Ck_LPET_{Thornthwaite            ,}

 

where Pet_Crop is the monthly potential evapotranspiration of a particular crop such as corn or soybean, k_C is a copy adjustment coefficient, k_L is a latitude adjustment coefficient and PET_Thornthwaite  is the monthly potential evapotranspiration of grass based on Thornthwaite's method.

 

The following scale, based on deviation from average precipitation (DAP), was used as a guage for overall growing season wetness/dryness:

 

                        extremely dry [ DAP <-114 mm (-4.5 in.)]

                        dry [-114 mm(-4.5 in.) <DAP < -76 mm (-3.0 in.)]

                        marginally dry [-76 mm(-3.0 in.) <DAP < -38 mm(-1.5 in.)]

                        near average [-38 mm(-1.5 in.) <DAP<38 mm (1.5 in.)]

                        marginally wet [38 mm(1.5 in.) < DAP<76 mm (3.0 in.)] 

                        wet [76 mm(3.0 in.) < DAP<114 mm(4.5 in.)]

          extremely wet [DAP > 114 mm(4.5 in.)]

 

The average growing season precipitation for Defiance, Fulton, and Van Wert Counties are 434 mm (17.08), 431 mm (16.96 in.), and 445 mm (17.50 in)., respectively. The year 1996 was marginally dry in Fulton county. The 1999 growing season in the three counties ranged from marginally dry to extremely dry. The Fulton and Van Wert County sites were, respectively, extremely dry and dry in 2002. During the 2005 growing season the Defiance County site was dry, while the Fulton and Van Wert County sites were marginally dry. The Defiance County site in 2002 had a near averge growing season in regard to precipitation. All three locations were either near average or marginally wet in 1998 and 2001; and wet or extremely wet in 1997, 2000, and 2003. For 2004, the Defiance and Van Wert County sites were extremely wet, while the Fulton county site was only marginally wet.  In  the 2006  growing season, the Fulton County site was extremely wet, while the Defiance and Van Wert sites were marginally wet.  
                                                                   

Table 3. WRSIS Growing Season Precipitation Classification

Year	DefianceCounty	FultonCounty	Van Wert County
1996	-	marginally dry	-
1997	extremely wet	extremely wet	extremely wet
1998	near average	marginally wet	marginally wet
1999	extremely dry	marginally dry	dry
2000	marginally wet1	extremely wet	extremely wet
2001	near average	marginally wet	marginally wet1
2002	near average	extremely dry	dry
2003	extremely wet	extremely wet	extremely wet
2004	extremely wet	marginally wet	extremely wet
2005	dry	marginally dry	marginally dry
2006	marginally wet	extremely wet	marginally wet

¹  Due to missing precipitation data, growing season may be wetter than indicated. 

 

WRSIS Crop Yield Data (1996 - 2006)

 

Note:   For the purpose of converting crop yield values between bushels/acre and kg/ha, the following values are used: 

 

            Field Corn - 1 bushels/acre = 62.86 kg/ha, and

            Soybeans - 1 bushels/acre = 67.43 kg/ha.

             

Table 4a:  Field Corn and Soybean Crop Yields (kg/ha): 1996-2006

WRSIS Site	Year	Corn (kg/ha)			Soybeans (kg/ha)
		Subirrigated1	Control2	Difference3	Subirrigated1	Control2	Difference3
DefianceCounty	1997	9970	8373	1597	-	-	-
	1998	8140	-	-	3621	-	-
	1999	8738	7732	1006	2374	1497	877
	2000	4557	4513	44	526	681	-155
	2001	4803	5180	-377	1062	728	334
	2002	6393	6776	-383	1585	1416	169
	2003	6864	7763	-899	2434	2232	202
	2004	6676	4740	1936	2003	1996	7
	2005	5796	6236	-440	1537	2320	-783
	2006	5129	4991	138	-	-	-
	Avg.	6707	6255	289	1895	1551	94
Fulton County	1996	11711	6839	4872	4552	3102	1450
	1997	11962	10705	1257	4248	4073	175
	1998	13232	11711	1521	4464	4248	216
	1999	12025	8536	3489	4639	3675	964
	2000	11409	10328	1081	3695	3392	303
	2001	12063	4570	7493	4902	3247	1655
	2002	12214	5393	6821	4005	2724	1281
	2003	14615	14552	63	2562	2630	-67
	2004	12698	8172	4526	4349	4045	304
	2005	11610	9171	2439	-	-	-
	2006	11566	10309	1257	-	-	-
	Avg.	12283	9115	3168	4066	3459	607
Van Wert County	1997	9052	9322	-270	3129	3183	-54
	1998	9498	10171	-673	2765	2778	-13
	1999	11918	9844	2074	3506	2643	863
	2000	10912	9687	1225	3581	3216	365
	2001	12911	11855	1056	3634	3608	26
	2002	-	-	-	4187	3007	1180
	2003	-	-	-	2690	2522	169
	2004	12069	11038	1031	3365	3641	-276
	2005	11793	11849	-56	5064	4740	324
	2006	8455	7229	1226	3270	3109	162
	Avg.	10824	10127	698	3520	3243	276

¹  Average subirrigated field crop yield.

²  Average control plot crop yield.

³  Difference equals subirrigated field crop yield minus control plot crop yield.

 

Table 4b:  Field Corn and Soybean Crop Yields (bushels/acre): 1996-2006

WRSIS Site	Year	Corn (bushels/acre)			Soybeans (bushels/acre)
		Subirrigated1	Control2	Difference3	Subirrigated1	Control2	Difference3
DefianceCounty	1997	158.6	133.2	25.4	-	-	-
	1998	129.5	-	-	53.7	-	-
	1999	139.0	123.0	16.0	35.2	22.2	13.0
	2000	72.5	71.8	0.7	7.9	10.1	-2.2
	2001	76.4	82.4	-6.0	15.8	10.8	5.0
	2002	101.7	107.8	-6.1	23.5	21.0	2.5
	2003	109.2	123.5	-14.3	36.1	33.1	3.0
	2004	106.2	75.4	30.8	29.7	29.6	0.1
	2005	92.2	99.2	-7.0	22.8	34.4	-11.6
	2006	81.6	79.4	2.2	-	-	-
	Avg.	106.7	99.5	4.6	28.1	23.0	1.4
Fulton County	1996	186.3	108.8	77.5	67.5	46.0	21.5
	1997	190.3	170.3	20.0	63.0	60.4	2.6
	1998	210.5	186.3	24.2	66.2	63.0	3.2
	1999	191.3	135.8	55.5	68.8	54.5	14.2
	2000	181.5	164.3	17.2	54.8	50.3	4.5
	2001	191.9	72.7	119.2	61.2	48.2	13.0
	2002	194.3	85.8	108.5	59.4	40.4	19.0
	2003	232.5	231.5	1.0	38.0	39.0	-1.0
	2004	202.0	130.0	72.0	64.5	60.0	4.5
	2005	184.7	145.9	38.8	-	-	-
	2006	184.0	164.0	20.0	-	-	-
	Avg.	195.4	145.0	50.4	60.4	51.3	9.1
Van Wert County	1997	144.0	148.3	-4.3	46.4	47.2	-0.8
	1998	151.1	161.8	-10.7	41.0	41.2	-0.2
	1999	189.6	156.6	33.0	52.0	39.2	12.8
	2000	173.6	154.1	19.5	53.1	47.7	5.4
	2001	205.4	188.6	16.8	53.9	53.5	0.4
	2002	-	-	-	62.1	44.6	17.5
	2003	-	-	-	39.9	37.4	2.5
	2004	192.0	175.6	16.4	49.9	54.0	-4.1
	2005	187.6	188.5	-0.9	75.1	70.3	4.8
	2006	134.5	115.0	19.5	48.5	46.1	2.4
	Avg.	172.2	161.1	11.1	52.2	48.1	4.1

¹  Average subirrigated field crop yield.

²  Average control plot crop yield.

³  Difference equals subirrigated field crop yield minus control plot crop yield.

 

 

Table 5:  DefianceCountyWRSIS Site Subirrigated Crop Yield Comparison

Between 2.4 m ( 8 ft) and 4.9 m (16 ft) Drain Line Spacings

Year	Corn - kg/ha (bushels/acre)			Soybeans - kg/ha (bushels/acre)
	2.4 m Spacing	4.9 m Spacing	Difference1	2.4 m Spacing	4.9 m Spacing	Difference1
1997	10366 (164.9)	9574 (152.3)	792 (12.6)	-	-	-
1998	8423 (134.0)	7858 (125.0)	566 (9.0)	3466 (51.4)	3769 (55.9)	-303 (-4.5)
1999	9177 (146.0)	8298 (132.0)	880 (14)	2158 (32.0)	2583 (38.3)	-425 (-6.3)
2000	4752 (75.6)	4356 (69.3)	396 (6.3)	506 (7.5)	553 (8.2)	-47 (-0.7)
2001	5205 (82.8)	4400 (70.0)	805 (12.8)	1281 (19.0)	8432 (12.5)2	438 (6.5)
2002	6757 (107.5)	6022 (95.8)	735 (11.7)	1524 (22.6)	1645 (24.4)	-121 (-1.8)
2003	7229 (115.0)	6493 (103.3)	735 (11.7)	2380 (35.3)	2488 (36.9)	-108 (-1.6)
2004	6349 (101.0)	7072 (112.5)	-723 (-11.5)	2245 (33.3)	1780 (26.4)	465 (6.9)
2005	5796 (92.2)	5796 (92.2)	0 (0.0)	1463 (21.7)	1605 (23.8)	-142 (-2.1)
2006	5475 (87.1)	4777 (76.0)	698 (11.1)	-	-	-
Average	6952 (110.6)	6462 (102.8)	490 (7.8)	1881 (27.9)	1915 (28.4)	-34 (-0.5)

¹  Difference equals 2.4 m drain line spacing crop yield minus 4.9 m drain line spacing crop yield.

²  Foraging groundhogs from adjacent woodland significantly reduced yield.

 

Note:  Subirrigated corn yields are better with a 2.4 m (8 ft) spacing between drain lines as compared to a 4.9 m (16 ft) spacing between drain lines. Conversely, subirrigated soybean yields are slightly better with a 4.9 m (16 ft) spacing between drain lines as compared to a 2.4 m (8ft) spacing between drain lines. 
 

Table 6:  Statistics on Crop Yield Differences (Subirrigated Field Minus Control Plot) in Relation to Growing Season Wetness/Dryness.

	-Corn- Near Average to Extremely Wet Growing Seasons	-Corn- Marginally Dry to Extremely Dry Growing Seasons	-Soybeans- Near Average to Extremely Wet Growing Seasons	-Soybeans- Marginally Dry to Extremely Dry Growing Seasons
Mean kg/ha (bu/ac)	1142 (18.2)	2526 (40.2)	196 (2.9)	770 (11.4)
Std. Dev. kg/ha (bu/ac)	1923 (30.6)	2475 (39.4)	405 (6.0)	713 (10.6)
P1	P < 2.5 %	P < 2.5 %	P < 10 %	P < 2.5 %
	-Corn- All Growing Seasons Combined		-Soybeans- All Growing Seasons Combined
Mean kg/ha (bu/ac)	1538 (24.5)		372 (5.5)
Std. Dev. kg/ha (bu/ac)	2144 (34.1)		572 (8.5)
P1	P < 0.1 %		P < 0.5 %

¹  P equals the probability that the mean value is not significantly different than zero.  In the case of the data presented in this table, a low value of P indicates a high likelihood that the mean value of the subirrigated field minus control plot crop yield difference is substantially greater than zero.   

 

 

Note:  As of 2006, WRSIS subirrigated field copy yield increases for corn and soybeans, respectively, were 30.8% and 26.0% during drier growing seasons, 13.3% and 6.9% during near average tow etter growing seasons, and 18.1% and 13.0% overall.

 

 

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