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Selected Publications
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www.ars.usda.gov/nea/emfsl/kevinchao

Kuanglin Chao (Kevin Chao)
Research Agricultural Engineer, Ph.D.

USDA, ARS, BA, BARC, EMFSL
10300 Baltimore Ave.
Building 303 BARC-East, Room 012
Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA
phone: 301.504.8450 ext 260
fax: 301.504.9466
kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov

In the lists below, the clickable PDF icon icon indicates that a publication can be opened in PDF format. A PDF reading program, such as the free Adobe Acrobat Reader?, is needed to view the PDF files on this page.

A list of publications drawn from the ARS database for Kevin Chao is also available, with access to an abstract/summary for each publication.

2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014
Patents

Patents

  1. (Pending) Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Bannon, D. Method of determining histamine concentration in fish. USPTO, Utility Patent application submitted. September 2013.
  2. (Pending)Chao, K., Kim, M.S., and Qin, J. Line-scan Raman imaging method and apparatus for rapid evaluation of large samples. USPTO, Utility Patent application submitted October 2013.
  3. (Pending) Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Cho, B.K., and Lee, K. Single-camera multi-mirror imaging method and apparatus for whole-surface inspection of rotating objects. USPTO, Utility Patent application submitted. March 2013.
  4. (Pending) Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Lefcourt, A., Lee, K., Kang, S., and Chan, D. Single-camera angled conveyance imaging method and apparatus for whole-surface inspection of rotating objects. USPTO, Utility Patent application submitted. March 2013.
  5. *Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., Chan, E., and Yang, C. Method and system for wholesomeness inspection of freshly slaughtered chickens on a processing line. US Patent # 8,625,856. USPTO, January 7, 2014.
  6. * Chao, K., Kim, M.S., Lefcourt, Tuschel, D., Olkhovyk, O, and Liu, Y. Systems and Methods for Detecting Contaminants in a Sample. US Patent #, 8,467,052. USPTO, June 18, 2013(patent pending).
  7. * Kim, M.S., Lefcourt, A., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Senecal, A., Marek, P. Hand-held inspection tool and method. US Patent #8,310,544 B2. USPTO, Nov 7, 2012.
  8. * Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., Chan, E., and Yang, C. Method and system for wholesomeness inspection of freshly slaughtered chickens on a processing line. US Patent # 8,126,213. USPTO, Feb. 28, 2012.
  9. * Kim, M.S., Chen, Y., Chao, K., and Lefcourt, A.M. Simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence and reflectance imaging techniques with a single imaging device for multitask inspection. US Patent # 7,787,111, USPTO. Aug. 31, 2010.

2014 (peer-reviewed)

  1. Chao, K., Kim, M.S., and Chan, D., Control Interface and Tracking Control System for Automated Poultry Inspection. Computers Standards and Interfaces, 36 (2): 271-277. 2014.
  2. Lee, H.Y., Everard, C., Kang, S., Cho, B.K., Chao, K., Chan, D., and Kim, M.S. Multispectral fluorescence imaging for detection of bovine feces on Romaine lettuce and baby spinach leaves. Biosystems Engineering, in press. 2014.
  3. Lee, H.Y., Yang, C.C., Kim, M.S., Lim, J., Cho, B., Chao, K., and Lefcourt, A.M., and Everard, C. A simple multispectral imaging algorithm for detection of defects on Red Delicious apples. J. of Biosystems Engineering, 39(2):142-149. 2014.
  4. Qin, J., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. A line-scan hyperspectral system for high-throughput Raman chemical imaging. Applied Spectroscopy. 68 (6): 692-695. 2014.
  5. Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., Lee, H.Y., and Peng, Y. Development of a Raman chemical imaging detection method for authenticating skim milk powder. J. Food Measurement and Characterization, 8 (2): 122-131. 2014. doi:10.1007/s11694-014-9172-9
  6. * Schmidt, W.F., Hapeman, C. J., McConnell, L. L., Mookherji, S., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Lee, H., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic evidence of and molecular mechanism for irreversible isomerization of ?-endosulfan to ?-endosulfan. J. Ag. Food Chem., 62:2023-2030. 2014. doi:10.1021/jf404404w
  7. Schmidt, W.F., Broadhurst, C.L., Qin, J., Lee, H., Nguyen, J.K., Chao, K., Shelton, D.R., and Kim, M.S. Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy of melamine and structural analogs in milk powder. Applied Spectroscopy, in press. 2014.

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2013 (peer-reviewed)

  1. Fu, X., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Qin, J., Lim, J., Lee, H., Garrido-Varo, A., Martinez, P., and Ying, Y. Detection of melamine in milk powders based on NIR hyperspectral imaging and spectral similarity analyses. J. Food Engineering, 124: 97-104. 2013.
  2. Jung, D. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Lee, H., Lee, H.Y., and Cho, B. Detection algorithm for cracks on the surface of tomatoes using multispectral Vis/NIR reflectance imagery. J. of Biosystems Eng., 38(3): 199-207. 2013.
  3. Qin, J., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. Simultaneous detection of multiple adulterants in dry milk using macro-scale Raman chemical imaging. Food Chemistry, 138:998-1007. 2013.
  4. Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., Lu, R., and Burks, T. Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging for evaluating food safety and quality. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 118:157-171. 2013.
  5. Yang, C.C., Kim, M.S., Cho, B., Lee, H., Chao, K., Lee, H., Jeong, D., Lefcourt, A.M., and Chan, D. Development of multispectral algorithms for detection of cracked tomatoes. Trans. ASABE, 56(4): 1581-1588. 2013.

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2012 (peer-reviewed)

  1. Kim, M.S., Delwiche, S.R., Chao, K., Garrido-Varo, A., Perez-Marin, D., Lefcourt, A.M., and Chan, D. Visible to SWIR hyperspectral imaging for produce safety and quality evaluation. J. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety, 5:155-164. 2012.
  2. Qin, J., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. Nondestructive evaluation of internal maturity of tomatoes using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 71: 21-31. 2012.
  3. Yang, C.C., Kim, M.S., Kang, S., Cho, B., Chao, K., Lefcourt, A.M., and Chan, D. Red to far-red multispectral fluorescence image fusion for detection of fecal contamination on apples. J. of Food Engineering, 108:312-319. 2012.

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2011

  1. Chao, K., Qin, J., Kim, M.S., and Mo, C. 2011. A Raman chemical imaging system for detection of contaminants in food. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8027, 10:1-10.
  2. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chan, D.E., Jun, W., Lefcourt, A.M., and Delwiche, S.R., and Lee, K. 2011. Line-scan hyperspectral imaging platform for food safety and quality evaluation: System characterization and enhancement. Trans. ASABE. 54(2):703-711.
  3. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chan, D.E., Yang, C., Lefcourt, A.M., and Delwiche, S.R. 2011. Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging technique for food quality and safety inspection. In: Cho, Y., Kang, S. Emerging Technologies for Food Quality and Food Safety Inspection. New York, N.Y.: CRC Press. p. 207-234.
  4. Lee, H., Kim, M.S., Jeong, D., Chao, K., Cho, B, and Delwiche, S. 2011. Hyperspectral Near-infrared Reflectance Imaging for Detection of Defect Tomatoes. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8027, J:1-9.
  5. Park, B., Yoon, S., Windham, W., Lawrence, K., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K. 2011. Line-scan hyperspectral imaging for real-time on-line poultry fecal detection. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 5(1): 25-32.
  6. Qin, J., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2011. Development of a Raman chemical imaging system for food safety inspection. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8027, 3:1-11.
  7. Qin, J., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., Kang, S., and Jun, W. 2011. Detection of organic residues on poultry processing equipment surfaces by LED-induced fluorescence imaging. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 27(1):153-161.
  8. Tang, X., Mo, C., Chan, D., Peng, Y., Qin, J., Yang, C., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K. 2011. Physical and mechanical properties of spinach for whole-surface online imaging inspection. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8027, 11:1-9.
  9. Yang, C.C., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Kang, S., and Lefcourt, A.M. 2011. Fast and accurate image recognition algorithms for fresh produce food safety sensing. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8027, G:1-12.
  10. Yang, C.C., Kim, M.S., Kang, S., Cho, B., Chao, K., Lefcourt, A., and Chan, D.E. 2011. Red to far-red multispectral fluorescence image fusion for detection of fecal contamination on apples. J. of Food Engineering, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.08.008.
  11. Yang, C.C., Kim, M.S., Kang, S., Tao, T., Chao, K., Lefcourt, A., and Chan, D.E. 2011. Development of a simple multispectral algorithm for detection of fecal contamination on apple. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 5(2):10-18.

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2010

  1. Chao, K., Yang, C., and Kim, M.S. 2010. Spectral line-scan imaging system for high-speed nondestructive wholesomeness inspection of broilers. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 21(3):129-137. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2009.08.001
  2. Jun, W., Kim, M.S., Cho, B., Millner, Chao, K., and Chan, D. 2010. Microbial biofilm detection on food contact surfaces by macro-scale fluorescence imaging, J. of Food Engineering. 99:314-322.
  3. Kang, S., Lee, K., Son, J., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K. 2010. Real-time near-infrared spectroscopic inspection system for adulterated sesame oil. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7676, 76760V.
  4. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chan, D., Yang, C.C., Lefcourt, A.M, and Delwiche, S.R. 2010. Hyperspectral imaging technologies for Nondestructive Agro-food evaluation. Proceeding of International Symposium on Advanced and Innovative Sensing Technology for Agro-food Quality Measurement, pp: 57-71.
  5. Kim, M.S., Chen, Y., Chao, K., and Lefcourt, A. 2010. Simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence and reflectance imaging techniques with a single imaging device for multitask inspection. US Patent # 7,787,111, USPTO. Aug. 31, 2010.
  6. Park, B., Yoon, S., Windham, W.R., Lawrence, K.C., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K.. 2010. Line-scan hyperspectral imaging for real-time poultry fecal detection. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7676, 76760I.
  7. Qin, J., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2010. Development of a Raman chemical imaging system for food safety inspection. ASABE Paper number: 1009166.
  8. Qin, J., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2010. Raman chemical imaging system for food safety and quality inspection. Trans. ASABE. 53(6):1873-1882.
  9. Qin, J., Jun, W., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K. 2010. Detection of organic residues on food processing equipment surfaces by spectral imaging method Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7676, 767608.
  10. Yang, C.C., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., and Chan, D. 2010. Machine vision system for online wholesomeness inspection of poultry carcasses, Poultry Science. 89(6): 1252-1264.
  11. * Yang, C.C., Jun, W., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Kang, S., Chan, D., and Lefcourt, A. 2010. Classification of fecal contamination on leafy greens by hyperspectral imaging. Proceedings of SPIE. 7676:76760F.

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2009

  1. Chao, K., Yang, C., and Kim, M.S. 2009. Spectral line-scan imaging system for high-speed nondestructive wholesomeness inspection of broilers. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 21(3):129-137. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2009.08.001
  2. Chao, K., Yang, C. C., and Kim, M.S. 2009. Line-scan spectral imaging system for online poultry carcass inspection. J. Food Processing Eng. (Accepted; in press).
  3. Cho, B., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Lawrence, K., Park, B, and Kim, K. 2009. Detection of fecal residue on poultry carcasses by laser induced fluorescence imaging. J. Food Science. 74(3): 154-159.
  4. Jun, W., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., and Lefcourt, A.M. 2009. Detection of microbial biofilms on food processing surfaces: Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging study. Proceedings of SPIE. 7315:73150S-1-8.
  5. For article reprints, please contact the journal or the author(s) Jun, W., Kim, M.S., Lee, K., Millner, P., and Chao, K. 2009. Assessment of bacterial biofilm on stainless steel by hyperspectral fluorescence imaging. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 3(1):41-48. doi:10.1007/s11694-009-9069-1
  6. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chan D.E., Jun, W., Lee, K., Kang, S., Yang, C.C., and Lefcourt, A.M. 2009. Nondestructive sensing technologies for food safety, International symposium for Improvement of Agro-Food Safety, Proceedings. pp:119-126.
  7. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chan, D.E., and Lefcourt, A.M. 2009. Line-scan imaging for improved high-speed food safety inspection. SPIE News Room Article, 10.1117/2.1200903.1564.
  8. * Liu, Y., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., Tuschel, D., Oklhovyk, O., Priore, R.J. 2009. Potential of Raman spectroscopy and imaging methods for rapid and routine screening of the presence of melamine in animal feed and foods. Applied Spectroscopy. 63(4):477-480.
  9. Priore, R., Tuschel, D., Olkhovyk, O., Drauch, A., Treado, P., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K. 2009. Recent advances in chemical imaging technology for the detection of contaminants for food safety and security. Proceedings of SPIE. 7315: 731507-1-8.
  10. Yang, C.-C., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2009. Machine vision system for online inspection of freshly slaughtered chickens. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 3(1):70-80. doi:10.1007/s11694-008-9067-8
  11. Yang, C.C., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2009. Automatic inspection using machine vision for food safety. Proceedings of the 7th Congress of Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources.

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2008

  1. Chao, K., Kim, M.S., and Lawrence, K.C. 2008. Optical methods for food inspection. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 2(2): 73-74.
  2. * Chao, K., Nou, X., Liu, Y., Kim, M.S., Chan, D.E., Yang, C., Patel, J.R., Sharma, M. 2008. Detection of fecal/ingesta contaminants on poultry processing equipment surfaces by visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 24(11):49-55.
  3. Chao, K., Yang, C., and Kim, M.S. 2008. Line-scan spectral imaging system for online poultry carcass inspection. Journal of Food Process Engineering (accepted 08/28/2008)
  4. Click here to view or download a PDF file for this document Chao, K., Yang, C., Kim, M.S., and Chan, D.E. 2008. High throughput spectral imaging system for wholesomeness inspection of chicken. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 24(4): 475-485.
  5. Kim, M.S., Chen, Y.-R., Cho, B., Lefcourt, A.M., Chao, K., and Yang, C.-C. 2008. Online hyperspectral line-scan fluorescence imaging for safety inspection of apples. Acta Horticulturae. 768(1):385-390.
  6. Kim, M.S., Lee, K., Chao, K., Cho, B., Lefcourt, A.M., Jun, W., and Chan, D. 2008. Online multitasking imaging for safety and quality inspection of apples. Modern Physics Letter B. In press. (Accepted Mar. 5, 2008)
  7. Kim, M.S., Lee, K., Chao, K., Lefcourt, A.M, Jun, W., Chan, D.E. 2008. Multispectral line-scan imaging system for simultaneous fluorescence and reflectance measurements of apples: multitask apple inspection system. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 2(2):123-129.
  8. Liu, Y., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., and Nou, X. 2008. Rapid screening and species identification ofE. Coli,Listeria, andSalmonellaby SERS technique. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6983. SPIE Defense and Security 2008: Special Session on Food Safety, Visual Analytics, Resource Restricted Embedded and Sensor Networks, and 3D Imaging and Display. 698309.
  9. * Liu, Y., Chen, Y.R., Nou, X., Kim, M.S., and Chao, K.2008. Label-free SERS for rapid species identification ofEscherichia Coli,Listeria Monocytogenes, andSalmonella Typhimuriumbacteria. Spectroscopy. 23(2):48-54.
  10. Qin, J., Burks, T., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Ritenour, M.A. 2008. Citrus canker detection using hyperspectral reflectance imaging and PCA-based image classification method. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 2(3): 168-177.

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2007

  1. * Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Ding, F., Yang, C.C., and Chan, D.E. 2007. Development of two-band color-mixing technique for identification of broiler carcass conditions. Journal of Food Engineering. 80(1):276-283.
  2. * Chao, K., Yang, C.C., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., and Chan, D.E. 2007. Fast line-scan imaging system for broiler carcass inspection. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 1:62-71.
  3. Chao, K., Yang, C.-C., Chen, Y.-R., Kim, M.S., and Chan, D.E. 2007. Hyperspectral-multispectral line-scan imaging system for automated poultry carcass inspection applications for food safety. Poultry Science. 86(11):2450-2460.
  4. * Chen, Y.R., Liu, Y., Nou, X., and Chao, K. 2007. Development of SERS spectroscopy for routine and rapid identification of Escherichia Coli and Listeria Monocytogenes on silver colloidal nanoparticles. In: NSTI-Nanotech 2007 Technical Proceedings. 2:549-552.
  5. * Kim, M.S., Chen, Y.R., Cho, B.K., Chao, K., Yang, C., Lefcourt, A.M., and Chan, D. 2007. Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence line-scan imaging for online defect and fecal contamination inspection of apples. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety. 1(3):151-159.
  6. * Liu, Y., Chen, Y.R., Nou, X., and Chao, K. 2007. Potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the rapid identification of Escherichia Coli and Listeria monocytogenes cultures on silver colloidal nanoparticles. Applied Spectroscopy. 61(8):824-831.

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2006

  1. Chao, K., Yang, C.C., Chen, Y.R., Chan, D.E., and Kim, M.S. 2006. Poultry carcass inspection by a fast line-scan imaging system: results from in-plant testing. In: Chen, Y.R., Meyer, G.E., S.I. Tu, editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6381. Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods, October 3, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts. 6381:63810V.
  2. * Ding, F., Chen, Y.R., Chao, K., and Chan, D.E. 2006. Two-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality. Applied Optics. 45(4):668-677.
  3. * Ding, F., Chen, Y.R., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2006. Three-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality. Applied Optics. 45(15):3516-3526.
  4. Kim, M.S., B.K. Cho, Yang, C.C., Chao, K., A.M. Lefcourt, and Chen, Y.R. 2006. Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence line-scan imaging system for online detection of fecal contamination on apples. In: Chen, Y.R., G.E. Meyer, S.I. Tu, editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6381. Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods, October 3, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts. 6381:63810P.
  5. * Liu, Y., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., Nou, X., Chan, D.E., and Yang, C.C. 2006. Comparison of visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the detection of faeces/ingesta contaminants for sanitation verification at slaughter plants. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 14(5):325-331.
  6. Liu, Y., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., Nou, X., Chan, D.E., and Yang, C.C. 2006. Detection of fecal/ingesta contaminants at slaughter plants from a number of characteristic visible and near-infrared bands. In: Chen, Y.R., G.E. Meyer, S.I. Tu, editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6381. Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods, October 3, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts. 6381:63810U.
  7. Yang, C.C., Chan, D.E., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., and Kim, M.S. 2006. Development of online line-scan imaging system for chicken inspection and differentiation. In: Chen, Y.R., G.E. Meyer, S.I. Tu, editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6381. Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods, October 3, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts. 6381:63810Y.
  8. * Yang, C.C., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., and Chan, D.E. 2006. Development of fuzzy logic based differentiation algorithm and fast line-scan imaging system for chicken inspection. Biosystems Engineering. 95(4):483-496.
  9. * Yang, C.C., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, M.S., and Early, H.L. 2006. Simple multispectral image analysis for systemically diseased chicken identification. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(1):245-257.

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2005

  1. * Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Ding, F., and Chan, D.E. 2005. Characterizing wholesome and unwholesome chickens by CIELUV color difference. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 21(4):653-659.
  2. Ding, F., Chen, Y.-R., and Chao, K. 2005. Application of color mixing for safety and quality inspection of agricultural products. In: Chen, Y.R., Meyer, G.E., Tu, S.I., editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 5996. Optical Sensors and Sensing Systems for Natural Resources and Food Safety and Quality, October 23-24, 2005, Boston, Massachusetts. 5996:59960R.
  3. * Ding, F., Chen, Y.R., and Chao, K.2005. Two-waveband color-mixing binoculars for the detection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses. Applied Optics. 44(26):5454-5462.
  4. * Yang, C.C., Chao, K., and Chen, Y.R. 2005. Development of multispectral imaging processing algorithms for identification of wholesome, septicemic, and inflammatory process chickens. Journal of Food Engineering. 69(2):225-234.
  5. * Yang, C.C., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., and Early, H.L. 2005. Systemically diseased chicken identification using multispectral images and region of interest analysis. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 49(2):255-271.

2004

  1. * Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., and Chan, D.E. 2004. A spectroscopic system for high speed inspection of poultry carcasses. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 20(5):683-690.

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2003

  1. * Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., and Chan, D.E. 2003. Analysis of Vis/NIR spectral variations of wholesome, septicemia, and cadaver chicken samples. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 19(4):453-458.
  2. Yang, C.-C., Chao, K., and Chen, Y.R. 2003. Development of multispectral imaging processing algorithms for food safety inspection on poultry carcasses. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. ASAE Paper No. 03-3054.

2002

  1. Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Chan, D., and Kang, S. 2002. Analysis of Vis/NIR Spectral varations of wholesome and unwholesome chicken meat. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. ASAE Paper No. 02-3062.
  2. * Chao, K. , Chen, Y.R., Hruschka, W.R., and Gwozdz, F.B. 2002. On-line inspection of poultry carcasses by a dual-camera system. Journal of Food Engineering. 51(3):185-192.
  3. * Chao, K., Liu, Y., Chen, Y.R., Thayer, D.W., and Hruschka, W.R. 2002. Characterization of spectral variations of irradiated chicken breasts with 2D correlation spectroscopy. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 18(6):745-750.
  4. * Chao, K., Mehl, P.M., and Chen, Y.R. 2002. Use of hyper- and multi-spectral imaging for detection of chicken skin tumors. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 18(1):113-119.
  5. * Chen, Y.R., Chao, K., and Hruschka, W.R. 2002. On-Line automated inspection of poultry carcasses by machine vision. In: Proceedings of the World Congress of Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, March 13-15, 2002, Iguacu Falls, Brazil. p. 78-85. ASAE Publication No. 701P0301
  6. * Chen, Y.R., Chao, K., and Kim, M.S. 2002. Machine vision technology for agricultural applications. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 36(2-3):173-191.
  7. * Kang, S., Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Kim, I., and Chen, Y.R. 2002. Chicken disease characterization by fluorescence spectroscopy. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. ASAE Paper No. 02-3061.
  8. * Kim, M.S., Lefcourt, A.M., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Kim, I., and Chan, D.E. 2002. Multispectral detection of fecal contamination on apples based on hyperspectral imagery: Part I. Application of visible and near-infrared reflectance imaging. Transactions of the ASAE. 45(6):2027-2037.
  9. * Kim, M.S., Lefcourt, A.M., Chen, Y.R., Kim, I., Chan, D.E., and Chao, K. 2002. Multispectral detection of fecal contamination on apples based on hyperspectral imagery: Part II. Application of hyperspectral fluorescence imaging. Transactions of the ASAE. 45(6):2039-2047.
  10. * Mehl, P.M., Chao, K., Kim, M.S. and Chen, Y.R. 2002. Detection of defects on selected apple cultivars using hyperspectral and multispectral image analysis. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 18(2):219-226.
  11. Park, B., Lawrence., K.C., Windham, W.R., Chen, Y.R., and Chao, K. 2002. Discriminant analysis of dual-wavelength spectral images for classifying poultry carcasses. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 33:219-231.

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2001

  1. Chao, K., Mehl, P.M., Kim, M.S., and Chen, Y.R. 2001. Detection of chicken skin tumors by multispectral imaging. In: Chen, Y.R., Tu, S.I., editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 4206. Photonic Detection and Intervention Technologies for Safe Food, November 5-6, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts. 4206:214-223.
  2. * Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Hruschka, W.R., and Park, B. 2001. Chicken heart disease characterization by multi-spectral imaging. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 17(1):99-106.
  3. Chen, Y.R., Chao, K., Hruschka, W.R., and Liu, Y. 2001. Advances in sensing technologies for poultry inspection. In: DeShazer, J.A., G.E.Meyer, editors. Optics in Agriculture 1990-2000, A Critical Review. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press. p.140-181.
  4. * Gates, R.S., Chao, K., and Sigrimis, N. 2001. Identifying design parameters for fuzzy control of staged ventilation control systems. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 31(1):61-74.
  5. Kim, M.S., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Chan, D.E., and Mehl, P.M. 2001. Hyperspectral imaging system for food safety: detection of fecal contamination on apples. In: Chen, Y.R., Tu, S.I., editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 4206. Photonic Detection and Intervention Technologies for Safe Food, November 5-6, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts. 4206:174-184.
  6. Mehl, P.M., Chao, K., Kim, M.S., and Chen, Y.R. 2001. Detection of contamination on selected apple cultivars using reflectance hyperspectral and multispectral analysis. In: Chen, Y.R., Tu, S.I., editors. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 4206. Photonic Detection and Intervention Technologies for Safe Food, November 5-6, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts. 4206:201-213.

2000

  1. * Chao, K., Gates, R.S., and Sigrimis, N. 2000. Fuzzy logic controller design for staged heating and ventilating systems. Transactions of the ASAE 43(6):1885-1894.
  2. Chao, K., Park, B., Chen, Y.R., Hruschka, W.R., and Wheaton, F.W. 2000. Design of a dual-camera system for poultry carcasses inspection. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 16(5):581-587.

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