Nomenclature Database Details

About the U.S. National Fungus Collections Nomenclature Database

The nomenclature database includes the nomenclatural information published in Farr et al. (1989), Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States (APS Press, St. Paul MN) in its entirety. Since 1989, data have been added irregularly and the nomenclature has been reviewed for selected plant hosts. Records that have not been recently updated should be interpreted with caution, particularly those from pre-1989. More recently, an effort has been made to update fungal names to reflect the change to one name for fungi enacted in the 2011 Melbourne Code.

Updated nomenclatural information provided through the U.S. National Fungus Collections website consists of the following:

• The accepted name for a taxon, followed by the authors who provided the original description (protologue) and the year of effective publication.
• The basionym (preceded by ≡) - the name on which a new combination is based (the name-bringing epithet).
• Nomenclatural synonyms (preceded by ≡) - synonyms based on the same type specimen; also known as homotypic or obligate synonyms.
• Taxonomic synonyms (preceded by =) - synonyms based on a different type specimen; also known as heterotypic or facultative synonyms.
• Variant spellings are listed following the fungal name with the correct spelling.
• Nomenclatural synonyms of a taxonomic synonym of the accepted name (preceded by ≡) are indented following the taxonomic synonym with which they are associated.
• Alternate states, where known, including anamorph (the asexual state), teleomorph (the sexual state), synanomorph (alternate morphological state of an anamorph). The change to one name for fungi, however, has superseded the use of anamorph-teleomorph connections and alternate state names will now begin appearing as synonyms for the names that have been deemed correct for a given taxon as updates are made.
• Illegitimate later homonyms of validly published names are listed in brackets.

Geographic distribution and host records for homonyms should be interpreted with caution. There is often no way to distinguish between homonyms, and reports in the literature may reflect either of them. For records updated since 2005, later illegitimate homonyms are excluded from fungus-host distribution and specimen searches. In searches involving the earlier homonym, the existence of a later illegitimate homonym will be indicated in the nomenchttps://www.ars.usda.gov/umbraco/#lature record and in the fungus-host distribution and specimen records, to alert the reader.

Names generally excluded from the nomenclature database:

• Naked names (nomen nudum, names published with no description).
• Invalidly published names (non rite, i.e., no basionym reference, diagnosis not in Latin, or no type indication).
• Synonyms pro parte (p.p.)
• Names based on a misidentification (auct. non)

Additional information: General information has been provided in notes on nomenclature, geographic distribution, host plants, substrates, and diseases caused by the fungus. These notes summarize information derived primarily from the literature cited in the nomenclature entry. They are not intended to supplant or replace the detailed information available in the Fungus-Host Distribution Database or other databases.

Literature: Literature citations indicate the primary literature sources used to compile nomenclatural information. Additional literature can be found in the Literature Database. This literature may be the same or different from the literature in the fungus-host distribution database.

Disclaimer: We urge the user to consult primary literature sources for confirmation. While we attempt to verify the accuracy of information provided on this site, no warranty is expressed or implied, and we cannot assume liability for consequences of omissions or errors. For the most part data in the fungus-host distribution database is taken directly from the literature and has not been verified. Other sources of fungal nomenclature information include Index Fungorum and Mycobank.

Acknowledgments: The project on fungal nomenclature is funded in part by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, and USDA APHIS Farm Bill Awards.