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Robert G. Shatters Jr.

/rshatters

Research Molecular Biologist

robert.shatters@usda.gov

Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, USDA, ARS, USHRL, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 3494
Tel. (772) 519-2689, FAX (772) 465-5819

(Current address for 2 years: 
810 avenue du campus Agropolis, Campus International de Baillarguet
34980 Montferrier sur Lez,
France)

Dr. Robert Shatters is on detail as the Director for the European Biological Control Laboratory in Montpellier, France.  He is also the Research Leader for the Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit at the USDA, ARS, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory in Fort Pierce, FL.  He received a Ph.D. from Washington State University (1988) in Genetics and Cell Biology.  He has been a research scientist with the USDA, ARS for 34 years where his research focus has been on applying molecular, cellular and biotechnology approaches to real-world agricultural crop production problems.  His current work includes developing biologically-based solutions to emerging crop pest and pathogen issues, and to do so through the development of novel techniques that allow rapid deployment of biotechnologically-derived solutions.  Dr. Shatters has published over 120 peer-reviewed papers and holds four patents on his research, two of which are under license. Also, he is the recipient of the 2022 USDA, ARS, SEA Senior Scientist of the Year.  Currently, he leads the USDA, ARS Citrus Grand Challenge, and co-leads (with Dr. Michelle Heck) a team of ARS, university, and private sector scientists in a $15 million USDA NIFA grant.  This grant focuses on development of solutions to citrus greening disease.  A disease that has reduced Florida citrus production by over 70% and threatens California and Texas.

Education and Training

         Institution                                 Degree             Year    Specialization

         Eastern Ill. Univ.                      B.S.                 1982    Environ. Biol./Botany-Zoo. Minor

         Eastern Ill. Univ.                      M.S.                1984    Botany

         Washington State Univ.          Ph.D.               1988    Genetics and Cell Biology

Research and Professional Experience

1983 - 1984              Graduate Research Assistant, Eastern Illinois University.

1984 - 1988              Graduate Research Assistant, Washington State University.

1988 - 1991              Postdoc. Research Associate, USA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL.

1991 - 1997              GS-12. Res. Molec. Biol. USDA, ARS, Crop Genetics and Environ. Res., Gainesville, FL.

1997 - 1998              GS-13. Res. Molec. Biol. USDA, ARS, Crop Genetics and Environ. Res., Gainesville, FL.

1998 - 2005              GS-13. Res. Molec. Biol. USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab., Fort Pierce, FL.

2005 - 2011              GS-14. Res. Molec. Biol. USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab., Fort Pierce, FL.

2011 - 2020              GS-15. Res. Molec. Biol. USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab., Fort Pierce, FL.

July 2020 - Present   GS-15. Superv. SIHRU Research Leader. USDA, ARS, USHRL, Fort Pierce, FL.

Oct. 2022/2024        2-year Detail: Director, USDA, ARS European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL) Montpellier, France And Campus of the American Farm School, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Graduate Student Activities

  • Co-Advisor to 4 Ph.D. Candidates at the University of Florida: (1 Agronomy and 3 Entomology)
  • Co-Advisor to 2 M.S. students at the University of Florida (Agronomy).
  • D committee member for 1 student at the University of Florida (Plant Molecular Biology)

Honors and Awards        

  • Elected member of Gamma Sigma Delta Agricultural Honors Society Member, 1996.
  • Co-recipient of the Florida Entomological Society Team Research Award, 2009.
  • Co-recipient of the Florida Entomological Society Team Research Award for sequencing the Asian citrus psyllid genome, 2011.
  • Co-recipient of the Florida Entomological Society Team Research Award for sequencing the Asian citrus psyllid genome, 2011; and Chili Thrips Working Group, 2019.
  • USDA, ARS Innovation Fund Award. 2018 to support Citrus Grand Challenge meeting.
  • Recipient USDA, ARS ARSX 2020 and 2022 research prize award for development of a novel pest pathogen control strategy (2020, team lead) and Unique nanobody development method (2022, co-participant), $100,000 each award. June, 2020 and 2022.
  • Awarded 2022 Senior Scientist of the Year for USDA, ARS, Southeast Area.

Sample of Leadership Activities

  • Invitational attendance, ARS Leadership Conference, New Orleans, LA, 2006.
  • Invitational attendance, USDA, ARS, SAA Leadership Meeting, Savannah, GA, 2008.
  • Attended Congressional Briefings/Budgeting training, Washington D.C., June, 2010.
  • Requested by National Program Staff to function as lead of Citrus Grand Challenge, 2018.
  • ARS SEA, Expense paid selectee, FY2021 SES-9 Cohort – American University, Key Executive Leadership Program, April 2021 to July, 2021.
  • Selected to serve in 2 yr. detail as the Director of the European Biological Control Laboratory, Montpellier, France, Oct. 2022 to Sept. 2024.

Select Stakeholder Outreach Activities

  • Selected as the designated testing laboratory for the Citrus Research and Development Foundation for the Asian citrus psyllid RNAi incentive program. This was supported by a 1-year $270,000 grant to fund the testing, 2011.
  • Expense paid, invitee by ARS National Program Staff to be a member of the review team for the California Citrus Research Board Research Grant Portfolio, Davis, CA, September, 2016.
  • Selected member of the Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) HLB-Antimicrobial Advisory Team, 2012-2017.
  • Selected to technical advisory board for the Florida CRAFT replant program- $10+ million fund to support citrus replanting and management practice evaluation. Florida Citrus Mutual, 2019 to present.
  • Requested by California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary to serve on Science Advisory Panel to review and critique the state HLB mitigation plan, April, 2022.
  • Invited by the California Citrus Quality Council to present at a “Bactericide Roundtable Meeting March 11 at 9 a.m. to discuss the potential benefits of using bactericides to minimize the impact of HLB infections in California citrus, Riverside Convention Center, Riverside CA, March 11th, 2019.
  • Requested by the Secretary of the California Department of Food and Agriculture to serve on a Citrus Science Advisory Panel to review current Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Committee’s activities to evaluate efficacy and efficiency and provide recommendations, April, 2022.

Select Grants and CRADAs Last 10 Years (participant in over $48,500,000 in total grant/CRADA funds)

  • Dov Borovsky, Charles A. Powell, Robert G. Shatters, Jr. (Collaborator), FCPRAC-NAS Citrus Greening grant, “Control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama with protease inhibitors and RNAi, total $610,000 for three years, 2009-2011.
  • Shatters, R. G. Jr., Specialty Crops Block Grant, Florida Department of Agriculture, “Development of Phloem Infusion Method for Delivery of Antimicrobial and Insect Deterrent Compounds”, total: $158,000 for two years. 2009-2011.
  • Shatters, Jr., R.G. Jr. Citrus Research and Development Foundation grant “Targeting the Asian Citrus Psyllid Feeding Mechanism as a Means of Blocking Psyllid Feeding on Citrus”, $158,000/year for three years. 2010-2012. 
  • USDA, NIFA, SCRI grant submitted by Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation (Tom Turpen lead). Rear and release psyllids as biological control agents – an economical and feasible mid-term solution for huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus nuPsyllid. 2012-2017. Multi-Institutional grant on which Dr. Shatters was a Co-Program Director.  Total grant: $10,072,472; to Shatters lab: $1,212,717.
  • USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant submitted by Kansas State University (Sue Brown lead). Developing an Infrastructure and Product Test Pipeline to Deliver Novel Therapies for Citrus Greening Disease. 2015-2020. Multi-Institutional grant on which Dr. Shatters was a Co-Program Director.  Total grant: $9,999,042; to Shatters lab: $689,187.
  • USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant submitted by University of California, Davis (Bryce Falk lead). Non-transgenic, near term RNA interference-based application strategies for managing Diaphorina citri and citrus greening/Huanglongbing (HLB).  2015-2020. Multi-Institutional grant on which Dr. Shatters is key personnel, received no funds directly but was provided with two technical support positions in his laboratory through collaboration with Dr. Bill Dawson at the University of Florida.  Total grant: $7,593,460.
  • Florida Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) - Bactericide Field Trial Grant, $3,000,000. AgroSource, Inc. was the lead organization and research was performed through CRADA with my laboratory. 2015-2016.
  • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Grant. Shatters, Jr., G. (Lead), Stover, E., Borovsky, D., Heck, M., and Gibson, D.  From foe to friend:  synthesizing insect vectored, plant colonizing and cross-protecting bacteria- A strategy for rapid development, deployment and dissemination of crop protecting organisms.  2017-2019. $990,819.
  • USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, SCRI CAP grant. “Therapeutic Molecule Evaluation and Field Delivery Pipeline for Solutions to HLB”.  Robert Shatters Lead PI, with Michelle Heck Co-PI.   Scored as top grant and awarded Center of Excellence status.  2020-2025 (total: $14,971,282 with initial 3 year $9,380,000 awarded and subsequent 2 years awarded upon review of 3 year progress). 
  • Private company CRADA on identifying novel antimicrobial compounds and developing delivery methods for use in fighting citrus greening disease, $500,000 total for 5 years, 2019 to 2024.

PATENTS AND PUBLICATION

Patents

  • Shatters, R.G., Luzio, G.A. and Morgan, J.K. 2016. Compositions and methods for control of hemipteran insect stylet sheath structure formation. U.S. Patent Application 15/140,666.
  • Shatters, R.G.; Stover, E.; Niedz, R.L., Heck, M.L., Pitino, M. 2019. Agrobacterium deployment as plant therapy.  S. Patent Application U.S. Patent Application 62/903,183.
  • Cano-mongovejo, L.M.; PITINO, M.; Rossi, L.; Shatters, R. 2020. Compositions, methods, and kits relating to oak leaf extract suppression of citrus huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus.  Utility Patent Application Serial No. 17/126,757, filed December 18, 2020
  • Cano Mongrovejo, L. M.; Pitino, M., Shi, Q., Stover, E., Shatters, Jr. R.G. Pathogen effectors for early detection of citrus greening disease. U.S. Utility Patent Application 6/864,996 filed on May 1, 2020.

 

Refereed Publications

  1. Carlson, R.W., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Duh, J.-L., Turnbull, E., Hanley B., Rolfe, G. and Djordjevic, M.J. The isolation and partial characterization of the lipopolysaccharides from several Rhizobium trifolii mutants affected in root hair infection. Plant Physiology. 84:421-427. 1987.
  2. Somerville, J.E., Shatters, Jr., R.G. and Kahn, M.L. Isolation, characterization, and complementation of Rhizobium meliloti 104A14 mutants that lack glutamine synthetase II activity. Journal of Bacteriology. 171:5079-5086. 1989.
  3. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Somerville, J.E. and Kahn, M.L. Regulation of glutamine synthetase II activity in Rhizobium meliloti Journal of Bacteriology. 171:5087-5094. 1989.
  4. Shatters, Jr, R.G. and Kahn, M.L. Glutamine synthetase II in rhizobia: Re-examination of a proposed horizontal transfer of DNA from eukaryotes to prokaryotes. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 29:422-428. 1989.
  5. Shatters, Jr., R.G. and Miernyk, J.A. A zein signal sequence functions as a signal anchor when fused to maize alcohol dehydrogenase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1068:179-188. 1991.
  6. Miernyk, J.A., Duck, N.R., Shatters, Jr., R.G. and Folk, W.R. The 70-Kilodalton heat shock cognate can act as a molecular chaperone during the membrane translocation of a plant secretory protein precursor. Plant Cell. 4:821-829. 1992.
  7. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Liu, Y. and Kahn, M.L. Isolation and characterization of a novel glutamine synthetase from Rhizobium meliloti. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268: 469-475. 1993.
  8. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Abdelghany, A., Elbagoury, O. and West, S.H. Soybean seed deterioration and response to osmotic priming: changes in specific enzyme activities in extracts from dry and germinating seeds. Seed Science Research. 4:33-41. 1994.
  9. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Wheeler, R.A. and West, S.H. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of `Tifton 9' bahiagrass. Crop Science. 34:1378-1384. 1994.
  10. Shatters, Jr., R.G. and West, S.H. Response of Digitaria decumbensleaf carbohydrate levels and glucan degrading enzymes to chilling night temperature. Crop Science. 35:516-523. 1995.
  11. Shatters, Jr, R.G., Schweder, M.E., West, S.H. and Smith, R.L. Environmentally induced polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis of soybean seed DNA. Seed Science Research. 5:109-116. 1995.
  12. Schweder, M.E., Shatters, Jr., R.G., and West, S.H. Effect of transition interval between melting and annealing temperatures on RAPD analyses. BioTechniques. 19:38-42. 1995.
  13. Shatters, Jr., R.G., and West, S.H. Purification and characterization of extrachloroplastic "-1,4-glucan phosphorylases form leaves of Digitaria decumbens Journal of Plant Physiology. 149:501-509. 1996.
  14. Mankin, RW., Wojcik, L.K., Fukuda, T., Heath, R.R., Kline, D.L., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Vander Meer, R.K. and Wojcik, D.P. A commitment to the future: science education outreach. American Entomologist. 42:244-247. 1996.
  15. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Boo, S.P., França Neto, J.B. and West, S.H. Identification of biotinylated proteins in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds and their characterization during germination and seedling growth. Seed Science Research. 7: 373-376. 1997.
  16. França Neto, J.B., Shatters, Jr, R.G. and West, S.H. Developmental patterns of biotinylated proteins during embryogenesis and maturation of soybean seed. Seed Science Research. 7:377-384. 1997.
  17. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Wheeler, R.A. and West, S.H. Ethephon induced changes in vegetative growth of `Tifton 85' bermudagrass. Crop Science. 38:97-103. 1998.
  18. Muhitch, M.J., and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Regulation of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi-1) promoter in developing maize (Zea mays) Seeds examined using transient gene expression in kernels grown in vitro. Plant Cell Reports. 17:476-481. 1998.
  19. Shatters, Jr., R.G. and Vander Meer, R.K. Characterizing the interaction between fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Developing Soybean Plants. Journal of Economic Entomology. 93(6):1680-1687. 2000.
  20. Grando, M.F., Shatters, Jr., R.G., and Franklin, C.I. Optimizing embryogenic callus production and plant regeneration from Tifton 9 Bahiagrass (Paspalun notatum Flugge) seed explants for genetic manipulation. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. 71: 213-222. 2002.
  21. McKenzie, C.L., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Doostdar, H., Lee, S.D., Inbar, M. and Mayer, R.T. Effect of geminivirus infection and Bemisia infestation on accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins in tomato. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 49:203-214. 2002.
  22. Mayer, R.T., Inbar, M., McKenzie, C.L., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Borowicz, V., Albrecht, U., Powell, C.A. and H. Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 51(4):151-169. 2002.
  23. Smith, R.L., Grando, M.F., Li, Y.H.X. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Transformation of Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). Plant Cell Reports. 20:1017-1021. 2002.
  24. Bausher, M., Shatters, Jr. R.G., Chaparro, J., Dang, P., Hunter, W. and Niedz, R. An expressed sequence tag (EST) set from Citrus sinensis Osbeck whole seedlings and the implications of further perennial source investigations. Plant Science. 165:415-422. 2003.
  25. Hunter, W.B., Dang, P.M. Bausher, M.G., Chaparro, J.X., McKendree, W., Shatters, Jr., R.G., McKenzie, C.L. and Sinisterra, X.H. Aphid biology: Expressed genes from alate Toxoptera citricida, the brown citrus aphid. Journal of Insect Science. 3:23-30. 2003.
  26. Niedz, R.P., McKendree, W.L. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Electroporation of embryogenic protoplasts of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and regeneration of transformed plants. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant. 39(6):586–594. 2003.
  27. Shatters, Jr, R.G., Bausher, M.G., Hunter, W.B., Chaparro, J.X., Dang, P.M., Niedz, R.P., Mayer, R.T., McCollum, T.G., Sinisterra, X. Putative protease inhibitor gene discovery and transcript profiling during fruit development and leaf damage in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Gene. 326:77-86. 2004.
  28. Grando, M.F., Smith, R.L., Moreira, C., Scully, B.T. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Developmental changes in abundance of the VSPbeta protein following nuclear transformation of maize with the soybean vspbeta cDNA. BMC Plant Biology. 5:3. 2005.
  29. Sinisterra X.H., McKenzie, C.L. Hunter, W.B., Powell, C.A., and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Differential transcriptional activity of plant-pathogenic begomoviruses in their whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius: Hemiptera Aleyrodidae). Journal of General Virology. 86:1525-32. 2005.
  30. McKenzie, C.L, Sinisterra, X.H., Powell, C.A., Bausher, M.A., Albano, J.P. and Shatters, Jr, R.G. Deciphering changes in plant physiological response to whitefly feeding using microarray technology. Acta Horticulturae. 695:347-352. 2005.
  31. Sirot, L.K., Lapointe, S.L., Shatters, Jr, R.G. and Bausher, M. Transfer and fate of seminal fluid molecules in the beetle, Diaprepes abbreviatus: Implications for the reproductive biology of a pest species. Journal of Insect Physiology. 52:300-308. 2005.
  32. Borovsky, D., Iannotti, D., Shatters, Jr., R.G., and Powell, C.A. Effect of recombinant Aea-TMOF on Heliothis virescence. Pestycydy. 3:79-85. 2005.
  33. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Boykin, L.M., Lapointe, S.L, Hunter, W.B. and Weathersbee III, A.A. Phylogenetic and structural relationships of PR5 gene family reveals an ancient multigene family conserved in plants and select animal taxa. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 63:12-29. 2006.
  34. Sinisterra, X.H., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Hunter, W.B., Powell, C.A. and McKenzie, C.L. Longevity of ingested mRNA transcripts in the gut of a homopteran (Bemisia tabaci): avoiding experimental artifacts. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 121:275-279. 2006.
  35. Boykin, L.M., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Hall, D.G., Burns, R.E. and Franqui, R.A. Analysis of host preference and geographical distribution of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) using phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA sequence data. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 96:457–469. 2006.
  36. Leshkowitz, D., Gazit, S., Reuveni, E., Ghanim, M., Czosnek, H., McKenzie, C.L, Shatters, Jr., R.G. and Brown, J.K. Whitefly  (Bemisia  tabaci)  genome project: analysis  of  sequenced  clones  from egg, instar, and adult (viruliferous  and non-viruliferous) cDNA libraries. BMC Genomics. 7:79. 2006.
  37. Sirot, L.K., Lapointe, S.L., Shatters, Jr., R.G., and Bausher, M.G. Transfer and fate of seminal fluid molecules in the beetle, Diaprepes abbreviatus: implications for the reproductive biology of a pest species. Journal of Insect Physiology. 52:300-308. 2006.
  38. Weathersbee III, A.A., Lapointe, S.L. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).  Florida Entomologist.  89:441-449. 2006.
  39. Boykin, L.M., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Rosell, R.C., McKenzie, C.L., Bagnall, R.A., De Barro, P. and Frohlich, D.R. Global relationships of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) revealed using Bayesian Analysis of mitochondrial COI DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44:1306-1319. 2007.
  40. Boykin, L.M., Bagnall, R.A., Frohlich, D.R., Hall, D.G., Hunter, W.B., Katsar, C.S., McKenzie, C.L., Rosell, R.C. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector for citrus greening disease, Huanglongbing. Molecular Ecology Notes. 7:1202-1204. 2007.
  41. Bethke, J.A., Byrne, F.J., Hodges, G.S., McKenzie, C.L., and Shatters, Jr., R.G. First report of the Q biotype of the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci in Guatemala. Phytoparasitica. 37(1):61-64. 2008.
  42. Shatters R.G. Jr., Powell C.A, Boykin L.M, Liansheng H. and McKenzie, C.L. Improved DNA barcoding method for Bemisia tabaci and related Aleyrodidae: development of universal and Bemisia tabaci biotype-specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I polymerase chain reaction primers.  Journal of Economic Entomology. 102(2):750-758. 2009.
  43. McKenzie, C.L., Hodges, G.S., Osborne, L., Byrne, F.J. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes in Florida - investigating the Q invasion. Journal of Economic Entomology. 102(2):670-676. 2009.
  44. McKenzie, C.L. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. First Report of “Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous” associated with psyllid yellows of Tomato in Colorado. Plant Disease. 93(10): 1074. 2009.
  45. Hunter, W.B., Dowd, S.E., Katsar, C.S., Shatters, Jr., R.G., McKenzie, C.L. and Hall, D.G. Psyllid Biology: Expressed genes in adult Asian citrus psyllids, Diaphorina citri The Open Entomology Journal. 3:18-29. 2009.
  46. Ahmed M.Z., Shatters, Jr., G., Ren, S.-X Jin, G.H., Mandour, N.S. and Qiu, B-L. Genetic distinctions among the Mediterranean and Chinese populations of Bemisia tabaci Q biotype and their endosymbiont Wolbachia populations. Journal of Applied Entomology. 133:733-741. 2009.
  47. Hall, D.G., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Carpenter, J.E. and Shapiro, J.P. Research toward an artificial diet for adult Asian citrus psyllid. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103:611-617. 2010.
  48. Boykin, L.M, Shatters, Jr., G., Hall, D.G., Dean, D. and Beerli, P. Genetic variation of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Florida and the Caribbean using DNA microsatellite markers. Journal of Economic Entomology. 103(6):2214-2222. 2010.
  49. Ammar, E.D., Shatters, Jr., G., Lynch, C. and Hall, D.G. Detection and relative titer of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in the salivary glands and alimentary canal of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) vector of Citrus Huanglongbing Disease. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104(3):526-533. 2011.
  50. Stover, E., Shatters Jr, R. G., McCollum, G., Hall, D.G. and Duan, Y.P. Evaluation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ titer in field-infected trifoliate cultivars: preliminary evidence for HLB resistance. In Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society (Vol. 123, pp. 115-117).
  51. Ammar, E.D., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Lynch, C. and D.G. Hall.   Detection and Relative Titer of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in the Salivary Glands and Alimentary Canal of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Vector of Citrus Huanglongbing Disease.  Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104:526-533. 2011.
  52. Ammar, E.D., Shatters, Jr., R.G. and Hall, D.G.   Localization of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ associated with citrus huanglongbing disease in its psyllid vector using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Journal of Phytopathology. 159:726-734. 2011.
  53. Dickey, A.M., L.S. Osborne, Shatters Jr., R.G. and McKenzie, C.L. 2011. Isothermal amplification of insect DNA. Target, 3(R2), R1. 2011.
  54. Dickey, A.M., Shatters Jr. R.G., and McKenzie, C.L. A comparison of two methods of eluting insect DNA from flinders technology associates cards. Florida Entomologist. 95: 790-793. 2012.
  55. Morgan, J.K., Li, W., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Keremane, M., and Duan, Y.-P. Improved real-time PCR detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from citrus and psyllid hosts by targeting the intragenic tandem-repeats of its prophage genes. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 26:90-98. 2012.
  56. Boykin, L. M., De Barro, P., Hall, D.G., Hunter, W.B., McKenzie, C.L., Powell, C.A. and Shatters, Jr., R.G. Overview of worldwide diversity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 haplotypes: two Old World lineages and a New World invasion. Bulletin of entomological research. 102(05): 573-582. 2012.
  57. Morgan, J. K., Zhou, L., Li, W., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Keremane, M. and Duan, Y.-P. Improved real-time PCR detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from citrus and psyllid hosts by targeting the intragenic tandem-repeats of its prophage genes. Molecular and cellular Probes. 26(2):90-98. 2012.
  58. McKenzie, C.L., Bethke, J.A., Byrne, F.J., Chamberlin, J.R., Dennehy, T.J., Dickey, A.M., Gilrein, D., Hall, P.M., Ludwig, S., Oetting, R.D., Osborne, L.S., Schmale, S. and Shatters Jr., R.G. Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes in North America after the Q invasion. Journal of economic entomology. 105(3):753-766. 2012.
  59. Dickey, A.M., Hall, P.M., Shatters Jr., R.G. and McKenzie, C.L. Evolution and homoplasy at the Bem6 microsatellite locus in three sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) cryptic species. BMC Research Notes. 6(1):249. 2013.
  60. Dickey, A.M, Osborne, L.S., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Hall, P.M. and McKenzie, C.L. Population Genetics of Invasive Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Cryptic Species in the United States Based on Microsatellite Markers. Journal of Economic Entomology. 106(3):1355-1364. 2013.
  61. Dickey, A. M., Osborne, L.S., Shatters Jr., R.G. and McKenzie, C.L. Identification of the Meam1 Cryptic Species of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Florida Entomologist. 96(3): 756-764. 2013.
  62. Ammar, E.D., Hall, D.G. and Shatters, Jr, R.G. Stylet morphometrics and citrus leaf vein structure in relation to feeding behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, vector of citrus huanglongbing bacterium. PloSOne. 8(3):e59914. 2013.
  63. Morgan, J. K., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Luzio, G.A., Ammar, E.-D., Hunter, W.B. and Hall, D.G. Formation of stylet sheaths in aere (in air) from eight species of phytophagous hemipterans from six families (suborders: Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha). PLoSOne. 8(4):e62444. 2013.
  64. Ammar, E.D., Alessandro, R., Shatters Jr., R.G. and Hall, D.G. Behavioral, ultrastructural and chemical Studies on the honeydew and waxy secretions by nymphs and adults of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). 8(6):e64938. 2013.
  65. Benyon, L.S., Stover, E., Bowman, K.D., Niedz, R., Shatters Jr., R.G., Zale, J. and Belknap, W. GUS expression driven by constitutive and phloem-specific promoters in citrus hybrid US-802. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant. 49(3):255-265. 2013.
  66. Reese, J, Christenson, M.K., Leng, N., Saha, S., Cantarel, B., Lindeberg, M., Tamborindeguy, C., MacCarthy, J., Trease, A.J., Ready, S.V., David, V.M., McCormick, C., Haudenschild, C., Han, S., Johnson, S.L., Shelby, K.S., Huang, H., Bextine, B.R., Shatters, R.G., Hall, D.G., Davis, P.H., and Hunter, W.B. Characterization of the Asian citrus psyllid transcriptome. Journal of Genomics. 2:54-58. 2013.
  67. Dickey, A.M., Trease, A.J., Jara-Cavieres, A., Kumar, V., Christenson, M.K., Potluri, L.P., Morgan, J.K., Shatters Jr, R.G., McKenzie, C.L., Davis, P.H. and Osborne, L.S. Estimating bacterial diversity in Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) via next generation sequencing. The Florida Entomologist: 97(2):362. 2014.
  68. Van Ekert, E., Powell, C.A., Shatters Jr., R.G. and Borovsky, D. Control of larval and egg development in Aedes aegypti with RNA interference against juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase. Journal of Insect Physiology. 70:143-150. 2014.
  69. Van Ekert, E., Heylen, K., Rougé, P., Powell, C.A., Shatters Jr., R.G., Smagghe, G. and Borovsky, D. Aedes aegypti juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase, the ultimate enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of juvenile hormone III, exhibits substrate control. Journal of Insect Physiology. 64:62-73. 2014.
  70. Ben-Mahmoud, S., Ramos, J.E., Shatters, R.G., Rougé, P., Powell, C.A., Smagghe, G., and Borovsky, D. Cloning and characterization of a basic cysteine-like protease (Cathepsin L1) expressed in the gut of larval Diaprepes abbreviates (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Insect Physiology. 72:1-13. 2014.
  71. Ammar, E. D., Richardson, M.L., Abdo, Z., Hall, D.G., and Shatters Jr, R.G. Differences in stylet sheath occurrence and the fibrous ring (sclerenchyma) between Citroncirus plants relatively resistant or susceptible to adults of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). 9(10):e110919. 2014.
  72. Ammar, E. D., Hall, D.G. and Shatters Jr, R.G. Ultrastructure and development of the new stylets inside pre-molting first instar nymphs of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Florida Entomologist. 98:373-376. 2014.
  73. Backus, E.A., Shugart, H.J., Rogers, E.E., Morgan, J.K. and Shatters, R. Direct evidence of egestion and salivation of Xylella fastidiosa suggests sharpshooters can be “flying syringes”. 105(5):608-620. 2015.
  74. Ben-Mahmoud, S., Ramos, J.E., Shatters, R.G., Rougé, P., Powell, C.A., Smagghe, G. and Borovsky, D. Cloning and characterization of a basic cysteine-like protease (cathepsin L1) expressed in the gut of larval Diaprepes abbreviatus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Insect Physiology. 72:1-13. 2015.
  75. Dickey, A.M., Kumar, V., Morgan, J.K., Jara-Cavieres, A., Shatters, R.G., McKenzie, C.L. and Osborne, L.S. A novel mitochondrial genome architecture in thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera): extreme size asymmetry among chromosomes and possible recent control region duplication. BMC genomics. 16(1):1. 2015.
  76. Van Ekert, E., Shatters, R.G., Rougé, P., Powell, C.A., Smagghe, G., & Borovsky, D. Cloning and expressing a highly functional and substrate specific farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase from the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). FEBS Open Bio. 5:264-275. 2015.
  77. Stover, E., McCollum, G.T., Driggers, R., Lee, R., Shatters Jr., R.G., Duan, Y.-P., Ritenour, M., Chaparro, J.X. and Hall, D.G. Resistance and tolerance to huanglongbing in citrus. Acta Horticulturae. 1065:899-903. 2015.
  78. Diaz, R., Dickey, A.M., Shatters Jr, R.G., Manrique, V., Vitorino, M.D. and Overholt, W.A. New species diversity revealed from molecular and morphological characterization of gall-inducing Calophya(Hemiptera: Calophyidae) from Brazilian peppertree. Florida Entomologist. 98(2), pp.776-779. 2015.
  79. Ammar, E.D., Hentz, M., Hall, D.G. and Shatters Jr, R.G. Ultrastructure of wax-producing structures on the integument of the melaleuca psyllid Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), with honeydew excretion behavior in males and females. PLoSOne. 10(3). p.e0121354. 2015.
  80. D’Aiuto, P.E., Patt, J.M., Albano, J.P., Shatters, R.G. and Evens, T.J. Algal turf scrubbers: periphyton production and nutrient recovery on a South Florida citrus farm. Ecological Engineering. 75:404-412. 2015.
  81. Yang, C., Powell, C.A., Duan, Y., Shatters, R. and Zhang, M. Antimicrobial nanoemulsion formulation with improved penetration of foliar spray through citrus leaf cuticles to control citrus huanglongbing. 10(7): e0133826. 2015.
  82. Shatters, Jr., R.G., Luzio, G.A. and Morgan, J.K. U.S. Patent Number 15/140,666. Compositions and methods for control of hemipteran insect style sheath structure formation. 2016.
  83. Stover, E., Hall, D.G., Shatters, R.G. and Moore, G.A. Influence of citrus source and test genotypes on inoculations with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. HortScience. 51(7):805-809. 2016.
  84. Stover, E., Shatters, R.G., Gruber, B., Kumar, P. and Moore, G.A. Influence of photoperiod duration and phloem disruption through scoring on growth, disease symptoms, and bacterial titer in citrus graft inoculated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. HortScience. 51(10):1215-1219. 2016.
  85. Yang, C., Powell, C.A., Duan, Y.-P., Shatters, Jr., R.G., Lin, Y. and Zhang, M.Q. Mitigating citrus huanglongbing via effective application of antimicrobial compounds and thermotherapy. Crop Protection. 84:150-158. 2016.
  86. Yang, C., Powell, C.A., Duan, Y.-P., Shatters, R.G., Fang, J. and Zhang, M.Q. Deciphering the bacterial microbiome in huanglongbing-affected citrus treated with thermotherapy and sulfonamide antibiotics. 11(5):e0155472. 2016.
  87. Mahmoud, S.B., Ramos, J.E., Shatters, R.G., Hall, D.G., Lapointe, S.L., Niedz, R.P., Rougé, P., Cave, R.D. and Borovsky, D. Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxin (Cyt2Ca1) in citrus roots to control Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 136:1-11. 2016.
  88. Ammar, E.D., Ramos, J.E., Hall, D.G., Dawson, W.O. and Shatters Jr, R.G. Acquisition, replication and inoculation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ following various acquisition periods on huanglongbing-Infected citrus by nymphs and adults of the Asian citrus psyllid. PloSOne. 11(7):e0159594. 2016.
  89. Borovsky, D., Nauewelaers, S., Powell, C.A. and Shatters Jr, R.G. Cloning, genetic engineering and characterization of TMOF expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to control larval mosquitoes. Journal of insect physiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.008. 2017.
  90. Ammar, E.D., Hall, D.G. and Shatters, R.G. Ultrastructure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal and bacteria-like organisms in the Asian citrus psyllid, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease bacteria. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. 5(1):9-20. 2017.
  91. Saha, S.., Hosmani, P.S., Villalobos-Ayala, K., Miller, S., Shippy, T., Rosendale, A., Cordola, C., Bell, T., Mann, H., DeAvila, G., DeAvila, D., Moore, Z., Buller, K., Ciolkevich, K., Nandyal, S., Mahoney, R., Von Voorhis, J., Dunlevy, M., Farrow, D., Hunter, D., Morgan, T., Shore, K., Guzman, V., Izsak, A., Dixon, D.E., Cano, L., Cridge, A., Johnson, S., Cantarel, B.L., Richardson, S., English, A., Leng, N., Cao, X., Jiang, H., Shatters, R.G., Childers, C., Chen, M.-J., Flores, M., Hunter, W.B., Cilia, M., Mueller, L.A., Munoz-Torres, M., Nelson, D., Poelchau, M.F., Benoit, J., Wiersma-Koch H., D'elia, T. and Brown, S.J. Improved annotation of the insect vector of citrus greening disease: biocuration by a diverse genomics community. BioRxiv. p.099168. 2017.
  92. Barr, N., Ruiz-Arce, R., Obregón, O., Shatters, R., Norrbom, A.L., Nolazco, N. and Thomas, D. Diagnostic characters within ITS2 DNA support molecular identification of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist. 100(1):182-185. 2017.
  93. Kruse, A., Somayeh, F.-H., Saha, S., Johnson, R., Warwick, E., Sturgeon, K., Mueller, L., MacCoss, M.J., Shatters Jr., R.G. and Heck, M.C. Combining 'omics and microscopy to visualize interactions between the Asian citrus psyllid vector and the Huanglongbing pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in the insect gut. PloS One. 12(6):e0179531. 2017.
  94. Kumar, V., Dickey, A.M., Seal, D.R., Shatters, R.G., Osborne, L.S. and McKenzie, C.L. Unexpected high intragenomic variation in two of three major pest thrips species does not affect ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) utility for thrips identification. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18(10):2100. 2017.
  95. Zhang, S., Shi, Q., Albrecht, U., Shatters Jr, R.G., Stange, R., McCollum, G., Zhang, S., Fan, C. and Stover, E. Comparative transcriptome analysis during early fruit development between three seedy citrus genotypes and their seedless mutants. Horticulture Research. 4: 2017.
  96. Mann, M., Fattah-Hosseini, S., Ammar, E.D., Stange, R., Warrick, E., Sturgeon, K., Shatters, R. and Heck, M. Diaphorina citri nymphs are resistant to morphological changes induced by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in midgut epithelial cells. Infection and Immunity.IAI-00889. 2018.
  97. Hall, D., Borovsky, D., Chauhan, K., and Shatters, R. An evaluation of mosquito repellents and essential plant oils as deterrents of Asian citrus psyllid. Crop Protection 108: 87-94. 2018.
  98. Saha, S., Hosmani, P. S., Villalobos-Ayala, K., Miller, S., Shippy, T., Flores, M., ... & Shatters, RG, DeAvila, G. (2017). Improved annotation of the insect vector of citrus greening disease: biocuration by a diverse genomics community. Database, 2017.
  99. Borovsky, D., Nauewelaers, S., Powell, C.A. and Shatters Jr, R.G., 2017. Cloning, genetic engineering and characterization of TMOF expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to control larval mosquitoes. Journal of insect physiology.
  100. Kruse A, Fattah-Hosseini S, Saha S, Johnson R, Warwick E, Sturgeon K, Mueller L, MacCoss MJ, Shatters Jr RG, Heck MC. 2017. Combining'omics and microscopy to visualize interactions between the Asian citrus psyllid vector and the Huanglongbing pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in the insect gut. PLoS One. 12(6):e0179531.
  101. Stover, E., Shatters Jr, R. G., Witkowski, A., Moore, G. A., Tracy, R., & Grosser, J. (2017). Influence of transient intermittent stress on huanglongbing development in graft-inoculated citrus. In Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society(Vol. 130, pp. 45-50). Florida State Horticultural Society.
  102. Zhang, S., Shi, Q., Albrecht, U., Shatters, R. G., Stange, R., McCollum, G., ... & Stover, E. (2017). Comparative transcriptome analysis during early fruit development between three seedy citrus genotypes and their seedless mutants. Horticulture research, 4(1), 1-12.
  103. Ammar, E. D., Hall, D. G., & Shatters Jr, R. G. (2017). Ultrastructure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal and bacteria-like organisms in the Asian citrus psyllid, vector of citrus huanglongbing disease bacteria. Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure, 5(1), 9-20.
  104. Mahmoud, S. B., Ramos, J. E., Shatters Jr, R. G., Hall, D. G., Lapointe, S. L., Niedz, R. P., ... & Borovsky, D. (2017). Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxin (Cyt2Ca1) in citrus roots to control Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 136, 1-11.
  105. Barr, N., Ruiz-Arce, R., Obregón, O., Shatters, R., Norrbom, A. L., Nolazco, N., & Thomas, D. (2017). Diagnostic characters within ITS2 DNA support molecular identification of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae). Florida Entomologist, 100(1), 182-185.
  106. Kumar, V., Dickey, A. M., Seal, D. R., Shatters, R. G., Osborne, L. S., & McKenzie, C. L. (2017). Unexpected high intragenomic variation in two of three major pest thrips species does not affect ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) utility for thrips identification. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(10), 2100.
  107. Ammar, E. D., Hall, D. G., & Shatters Jr, R. G. (2018). Salivary sheaths of the Asian citrus psyllid show signs of degradation 3–4 weeks following their deposition into citrus leaves by the feeding psyllids. Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure, 6(3), 129.
  108. Borovsky D, Nauewelaers S, Powell CA, Shatters Jr RG. 2018. Cloning, genetic engineering and characterization of TMOF expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to control larval mosquitoes. Journal of insect physiology. 6:134-46.
  109. Mann M, Fattah-Hosseini S, Ammar ED, Stange R, Warrick E, Sturgeon K, Shatters R, Heck M. 2018. Diaphorina citri nymphs are resistant to morphological changes induced by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” in midgut epithelial cells. Infection and immunity. 86(4):e00889-17.
  110. Borovsky, D., Hancock, R.G., Rougé, P., Powell, C.A. and Shatters Jr, R.G., 2018. Juvenile hormone affects the splicing of Culex quinquefasciatus early trypsin messenger RNA. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology, 99(3), p.e21506.
  111. George, J., Ammar, E.D., Hall, D.G., Shatters, R.G. and Lapointe, S.L., 2018. Prolonged phloem ingestion by Diaphorina citri nymphs compared to adults is correlated with increased acquisition of citrus greening pathogen. Scientific reports, 8(1), p.10352.
  112. Hall DG, Borovsky D, Chauhan KR, Shatters RG. 2018. An evaluation of mosquito repellents and essential plant oils as deterrents of Asian citrus psyllid. Crop protection. 108:87-94.
  113. Shi Q, Pitino M, Zhang S, Krystel J, Cano LM, Shatters RG, Hall DG, Stover E. 2019. Temporal and spatial detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus putative effector transcripts during interaction with Huanglongbing-susceptible,− tolerant, and-resistant citrus hosts. BMC plant biology. 19(1):122.
  114. Ammar, E. D., Shatters, R. G., Jr., & Heck, M. (2020). Huanglongbing Pathogens: Acquisition, Transmission and Vector Interactions. Asian Citrus Psyllid: Biology, Ecology and Management of the Huanglongbing Vector, 113.
  115. Borovsky, Dov, Sabine Nauwelaers, and Robert Shatters Jr. "Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Pichia pastoris Cells Expressing Multiple TMOF Genes (tmfA) for Mosquito Larval Control." Frontiers in Physiology11 (2020): 527.
  116. Pitino, M., Sturgeon, K., Dorado, C., Cano, L.M., Manthey, J.A., Shatters Jr, R.G. and Rossi, L., 2020. Quercus leaf extracts display curative effects against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that restore leaf physiological parameters in HLB-affected citrus trees. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 148, pp.70-79.
  117. Ammar, E.D., George, J., Sturgeon, K., Stelinski, L.L. and Shatters, R.G., 2020. Asian citrus psyllid adults inoculate huanglongbing bacterium more efficiently than nymphs when this bacterium is acquired by early instar nymphs. Scientific reports, 10(1), pp.1-10.
  118. Coates, L.C., Mahoney, J., Ramsey, J.S., Warwick, E., Johnson, R., MacCoss, M.J., Krasnoff, S.B., Howe, K.J., Moulton, K., Saha, S. and Mueller, L.A., Hall, D.A., Shatters, R.G., Heck, M.L., Slupsky, C.M. 2020. Development on Citrus medica infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ has sex-specific and-nonspecific impacts on adult Diaphorina citri and its endosymbionts. PloS one, 15(10), p.e0239771.
  119. Ramos JE, Jain RG, Powell CA, Dawson WO, Gowda S, Borovsky D, Shatters RG Jr. Crowdsourced Identification of Potential Target Genes for CTV Induced Gene Silencing for Controlling the Citrus Greening Vector Diaphorina citri. Front Physiol. 2021 Apr 9, 12:571826.
  120. Borovsky, D., Deckers, K., Vanhove, A.C., Verstraete, M., Rougé, P., Shatters, R.G. and Powell, C.A., 2021. Cloning and Characterization of Aedes aegypti Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (TMOF) Gut Receptor. Biomolecules, 11(7), p.934.
  121. Didoné, D.A., Lopes, F.C., Martinelli, A.H.S., Ceccon, C.C., de Silva, M.R., Salvadori, J.R., Carlini, C.R., Shatters, R.G. and Grando, M.F. 2021  Toxicity of the Jaburetox peptide to the multi-host insect-pest Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Florida Entomologist 401(3): 230-238.
  122. Guo, C.F., Ahmed, M.Z., Ou, D., Zhang, L.H., Lu, Z.T., Sang, W., McKenzie, C.L., Shatters, R.G. and Qiu, B.L., 2021. Parasitoid vectors a plant pathogen, potentially diminishing the benefits it confers as a biological control agent. Communications Biology, 4(1), pp.1-10.
  123. Borovsky, D., Rougé, P. and Shatters Jr, R.G., 2022. The ribosome is the ultimate receptor for trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF). Biomolecules, 12(4), p.577.
  124. Borovsky, D., Rougé, P. and Shatters Jr, R.G., 2022. Bactericidal Properties of Proline-Rich Aedes aegypti Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (Aea TMOF). Life, 13(1), p.19.
  125. Pitino, M., Fleites, L.A., Shrum, L., Heck, M. and Shatters, R.G., 2022. Plant production of high affinity nanobodies that block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding with its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, p.2351.
  126. Kennedy JP, Wood K, Pitino M, Mandadi K, Igwe DO, Shatters R, Widmer TL, Niedz R, Heck M. A perspective on current therapeutic molecule screening methods against ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the presumed causative agent of citrus Huanglongbing. Phytopathology. 2023 Feb 7(ja).