Pine Needles Published Research

Stuart, L.D., James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Call, J.W. and Short, R.E.  Pine needle abortion in cattle: Pathological observations.  Cornell Vet. 79:61-69. 1989.

Short, R.E., James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Staigmiller, R.B., Bellows, R.A., Malcolm, J. and Ford, S.P.  Effects of feeding pine needles during pregnancy:  Comparative studies with bison, cattle, goats, and sheep.  J. Anim. Sci. 70:3498-3504. 1992.

James, L.F., Molyneux, R.J., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R. and Stegelmeier, B.L.  Effect of Feeding Ponderosa Pine Needle Extracts and Their Residues to Pregnant Cattle.  Cornell Vet. 84: 33-39. 1994.

Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J., James, L.F., Panter, K.E. and Stegelmeier, B.L.  Ponderosa Pine Needle-Induced Abortion in Beef Cattle: Identification of Isocupressic Acid as the Principal Active Compound.  J. Ag. Food Chem. 42(3):756-761.  1994.

Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J., Panter, K.E., James, L.F. and Stegelmeier, B.L.  Studies on the Abortifacient Principle of Ponderosa Pine Needles (Pinus ponderosa).  In Colegate, S.M. and Dorling, P.R. (eds.)  Plant-Associated Toxins: Agricultural, Phytochemical and Ecological Aspects, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. 339-344. 1994.  (Book Chapter)

Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J., James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L. and Pfister, J.A.  Abortifacient and toxic components of ponderosa pine needles.  Internat. Cong. on Nat. Prod. Res. J. of Toxicol. And Toxin Rev. 14, 104.  1995.

Parton, K., Gardner, D., and Williamson, N.B.  Isocupressic acid, an abortifacient component of Cupressus macrocarpa. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 109-111. 1996.

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Molyneux, R.J., James, L.F., Stegelmeier, B.L.  Abortifacient Activity in Beef Cattle of Acetyl- and Succinylisocupressic Acid from Ponderosa Pine.  J. Agric. Food Chem. 44(10):3257-3261. 1996.

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Molyneux, R.J., James, L.F., Stegelmeier, B.L. and Pfister, J.A.  Isocupressic Acid and Related Diterpene Acids from Pinus ponderosa as Abortifacient Compounds in Cattle.  J. Nat. Toxins. 6(1):1-10. 1997.

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F., Stegelmeier, B.L., Pfister, J.A.  Diterpene Acid Chemistry of Ponderosa Pine and Implications for Late-Term Induced Abortions in Cattle.  In Garland, T. and Barr, A. C. (eds).  Toxic Plants and Other Natural Toxicants, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. 339-344 (1998). (Book Chapter 67)

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F., Stegelmeier, B.L.  Abortifacient effects of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) on Cattle.  Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 40(5):260-263. 1998.

Gardner, D.R., James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H., Stegelmeier, B.L.  Ponderosa pine and broom snakeweed: poisonous plants that affect livestock.  J. Nat. Toxins  8(1):27-34. 1999.

Gardner, D.R., James, L.F.  Pine needle abortion in cattle: analysis of isocupressic acid in north american gymnosperms.  Phytochem. Anal. 10:132-136. 1999.

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F.  Pine needle abortion in cattle: Metabolism of isocupressic acid.  J. Agric. Food Chem. 47(7): 2891-2897. 1999.

Garrossian, M., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F.  Preparation of tetrahydroagathic acid: a serum metabolite of isocupressic acid, a cattle abortifacient in ponderosa pine.  J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(8):2235-2240. 2002.

Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Garrossian, M., Panter, K.E., Serreqi, A.N., Schoch T.K. and Stegelmeier, B.L.  Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Isocupressic Acid and Serum Metabolites of Isocupressic Acid.  J. Agric. Food. Chem.  51(11):3228-3233. 2003.

Panter, K.E., James, L.F., Molyneux, R.J., Short, R.E. and Sisson, D.V.  Premature bovine parturition induced by Ponderosa pine: Effects of pine needles, bark, and branch tips.  Cornell Vet. 80:329-333. 1990. 

Panter, K.E., Galey, F.D., James, L.F., Molyneux, R.J., Pausch, R.D., Staigmiller, R.B., Short, R.E.  Ponderosa Pine Needle Induced Parturition in Cattle: Analysis for Presence of Mycotoxins.  J. Agric. Food Chem. 39(5): 927-929. 1991.

Panter, K.E., James, L.F. and Molyneux, R.J.  Ponderosa pine needle-induced parturition in cattle.  J. Anim. Sci. 70:1604-1608. 1992.

Wang, S., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Evans, R.C., Bunch, T.D.  In vitro developoment of bovine embryos treated with isocupressic acid (ICA), a pine needle abortifacient toxin.  Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 52:436-438 (2001).

Wang, S., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Evans, R.C., Bunch, T.D.  Effects of the pine needle abortifacient, isocupressic acid, on bovine oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development.  An. Repro. Sci. 81(3-4):237-244. 2004.

Short, R.E., Adams, D.C., Phelps, D.A., Pfister, J.A. and James, L.F.  Effects of dietary protein level and availability of straw on consumption of pine needles and abortion response.  Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 40:328-329.  1989.

Weidmeier, R.D., Pfister, J.A. and Sisson, D.B.  Toxic influence of pine needles on ruminal microflora.  Proc. West Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci.  41:101-103.  1990.

Adams, D.C., Short, J.A. and Pfister, J.A., Peterson, K.R. and Hudson, D.B.   Surgical establishment of esophageal fistulae in suckling calves.  J. Range Manage.  44(6):628-629. 1991.

Adams, D.C., Pfister, J.A., Short, R.E., Cates, R.G., Knapp, B.W. and Wiedmeier, R.D.  Pine needle effects on in vivo and in vitro digestibility of crested wheatgrass.  J. Range Manage. 45(3):249-253. 1992.

Pfister, J.A., Adams, D.C., Wiedmeier, R.D. and Cates, R.G.  Adverse effects of pine needles on aspects of digestive performance in cattle.  J. Range Manage. 45(6):528-533. 1992.

Pfister, J.A. and Adams, D.C.  Factors influencing pine needle consumption by grazing cattle during winter.  J. Range Manage. 46(5):394-398. 1993.

Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E. and Gardner, D.R.  Pine needle consumption by cattle during winter in South Dakota.  J. Range Manage. 51(5):551-556. 1998.

Pfister, J.A.  Food aversion learning to eliminate cattle consumption of pine needles.  J. Range Manage. 53(6):655-659. 2000.