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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Washington, D.C. » National Arboretum » Floral and Nursery Plants Research » People & Locations » Margaret Pooler

Margaret R Pooler (PhD)
Floral and Nursery Plants Research
Supervisory Research Geneticist (Plants)

Phone: (301) 504-5218
Fax: (301) 504-5096

(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)

Projects
Genetic Improvement of Woody Ornamental Plants for Resilient and Sustainable Landscapes
In-House Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 445024
National Turfgrass Evaluation Program
Non-Funded Cooperative Agreement (N)
  Accession Number: 441829

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Seeing the forest for the trees: threats, vulnerabilities, and opportunities for woody landscape plant genetic resources Reprint Icon - (Review Article)
Pooler, M.R., Contreras, R., Criley, R., Dosmann, M., Galanti, R., Hokanson, S., Miller, B., Peterson, B., Nageswara Rao, M., Rounsaville, T.J., Shreckhise, J.H., West, T., Shearer, K. 2024. Seeing the forest for the trees: threats, vulnerabilities, and opportunities for woody landscape plant genetic resources. HortScience. 59(10):1497–1504. 2024. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18010-24.
Reliable callus-induced plantlet regeneration from leaf explants of Lagerstroemia speciosa and genetic fidelity assessment through ISSR markers Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wu, B., Zhang, N., Dixon, B., Sierra, I., Kan, S., Layton, A., Gu, M., Pooler, M.R., Duan, H., Qin, H. 2024. Reliable callus-induced plantlet regeneration from leaf explants of Lagerstroemia speciosa and genetic fidelity assessment through ISSR markers. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-024-02801-w.
Evaluation of a novel fungicidal extract from blue spruce, Picea pungens Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guo, Y.H., Zhou, B., Pooler, M.R. 2024. Evaluation of a novel fungicidal extract from blue spruce, Picea pungens. Plant Health Progress. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-23-0089-RS.
Genome size, ploidy estimates, and leaf morphology of temperate Lindera (Lauraceae) cultivated in North America Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Johnson, E., Pooler, M.R., Rounsaville, T.J. 2024. Genome size, ploidy estimates, and leaf morphology of temperate Lindera (Lauraceae) cultivated in North America. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-01964-x.
Optimizing efficient PCR-amplifiable DNA extraction from herbarium specimens Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gouker, F.E., Guo, Y.H., Svoboda, H.T., Pooler, M.R. 2023. Optimizing efficient PCR-amplifiable DNA extraction from herbarium specimens. Applications in Plant Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11521.
Tsuga ‘Traveler’ and ‘Crossroad’ – the first adelgid-resistant interspecific hemlock hybrids Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bentz, S.E., Gouker, F.E., Olsen, R.T., Pooler, M.R. 2023. Tsuga ‘Traveler’ and ‘Crossroad’ – the first adelgid-resistant interspecific hemlock hybrids. HortScience. 58(3):289–290. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16918-22.
High-resolution melting analysis enables efficient detection and differentiation of two boxwood blight pathogens by qPCR assays Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gouker, F.E., Guo, Y.H., Pooler, M.R. 2022. High-resolution melting analysis enables efficient detection and differentiation of two boxwood blight pathogens by qPCR assays. PhytoFrontiers. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-09-21-0066-SC.
Genome size, ploidy levels, and development of novel SSR primer to evaluate genetic diversity of Corylopsis Siebold & Zucc, germplasm collections Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lattier, J., Ballard, H., Kramer, M.H., Pooler, M.R. 2022. Genome size, ploidy levels, and genetic diversity of Corylopsis germplasm collections. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-022-01371-0.
Using acetone for rapid PCR-amplifiable DNA extraction from recalcitrant woody plant taxa Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gouker, F.E., Guo, Y., Pooler, M.R. 2020. Using acetone for rapid PCR-amplifiable DNA extraction from recalcitrant woody plant taxa. Applications in Plant Sciences. 8(12):e114-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11403.
Real-time and conventional PCR tools for detection and discrimination of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae causing boxwood blight Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guo, H., Pooler, M.R. 2020. Real-time and conventional PCR tools for detection and discrimination of Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae causing boxwood blight. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2053-RE.
Taxonomic similarity does not predict necessary sample size for ex situ conservation: a comparison among five genera Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hoban, S., Callicrate, T., Clark, J., Dean, S., Dosmann, M., Fant, J., Gailing, O., Havens, K., Hipp, A., Kadav, P., Kramer, A., Lobdell, M., Magellan, T., Meyer, A., Pooler, M.R., Spence, E., Thompson, P., Toppila, R., Walsh, S., Westwood, M., Wood, J., Griffith, P. 2020. Taxonomic similarity does not predict necessary sample size for ex situ conservation: a comparison among five genera. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 287:20200102. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0102.
Ranking resistance of Buxus cultivars to boxwood blight – an integrated analysis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kramer, M.H., Guo, H., Pooler, M.R. 2020. Ranking resistance of Buxus cultivars to boxwood blight – an integrated analysis. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 38(2):50-55.
Stomatal openings on boxwood leaves yield entry portals for leaf infection by Calonectria pseudonaviculata Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guo, Y., Kilcrease, J., Hammond, J., Pooler, M.R. 2019. Stomatal openings on boxwood leaves yield entry portals for leaf infection by Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Journal of Plant Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00416-1.
Transferability of microsatellite markers across eleven species of Magnolia L Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Thammina, C., Von Kohn, C.M., Pooler, M.R. 2019. Transferability of microsatellite markers across eleven species of Magnolia L. HortScience. 54:188-193. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13605-18.
Genetic diversity of the U.S. collection of Chinese hemlock Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) E. Pritz. based on simple sequence repeat markers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Thammina, C., Conrad, K.P., Pooler, M.R. 2019. Genetic diversity of the U.S. collection of Chinese hemlock Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) E. Pritz. based on simple sequence repeat markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 66:847-855.
Genetic diversity of Magnolia ashei characterized by SSR markers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Von Kohn, C.M., Conrad, K.P., Kramer, M.H., Pooler, M.R. 2018. Genetic diversity of Magnolia ashei characterized by SSR markers. Conservation Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1065-8.
A checklist of Cercis (Redbud) cultivars - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kidwell Slak, D.L., Pooler, M.R. 2018. A checklist of Cercis (Redbud) cultivars. HortScience. 53:148-152. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12564-17.
Screening ornamental cherry (Prunus) taxa for resistance to infection by Blumeriella jaapii - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guo, Y., Kramer, M.H., Pooler, M.R. 2018. Screening ornamental cherry (Prunus) taxa for resistance to infection by Blumeriella jaapii. HortScience. 53:200-203. https://doi.org/10/21273/HORTSCI12564-17.
SSR markers reveal the genetic diversity of Asian Cercis taxa at the U.S. National Arboretum - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Thammina, C., Kidwell Slak, D.L., Lura, S.B., Pooler, M.R. 2017. SSR markers reveal the genetic diversity of Asian Cercis taxa at the U.S. National Arboretum. HortScience. 52(4):498-502.
Good genes – using germplasm and breeding to create new plants at the U.S. National Arboretum - (Proceedings)
Pooler, M.R. 2017. Good genes – using germplasm and breeding to create new plants at the U.S. National Arboretum. Acta Horticulturae. 1185:1-6.
Genetic relationships of boxwood (Buxus L.) accessions based on genic simple sequence repeat markers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Thammina, C., Olsen, R.T., Kramer, M.H., Pooler, M.R. 2016. Evaluation of genetic diversity and relatedness of boxwood accessions using genic simple Ssquence repeat markers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. DOI 10.1007/s10722-016-0436-6.
Developing a national strategic plan for consumer horticulture - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bradley, L.K., Bauske, E.M., Bewick, T.A., Clark, J.R., Durham, R.E., Langellotto, G., Myer, M.A., Pooler, M.R., Dorn, S. 2016. Developing a national strategic plan for consumer horticulture. HortTechnology. 26;372-378.
Use of mycelium and detached leaves in bioassays for assessing resistance to boxwood blight - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guo, Y.H., Olsen, R.T., Kramer, M.H., Pooler, M.R. 2016. Use of mycelium and detached leaves in bioassays for assessing resistance to boxwood blight. Plant Disease. 100:1622-2626.
The Lower Chesapeake Bay LTAR: A coastal urban-agricultural region - (Abstract Only)
Mccarty, G.W., Alfieri, J.G., Cavigelli, M.A., Cosh, M.H., Hapeman, C.J., Kustas, W.P., Maul, J.E., Mirsky, S.B., Pooler, M.R., Sadeghi, A.M., Schomberg, H.H., Timlin, D.J. 2015. The Lower Chesapeake Bay LTAR: A coastal urban-agricultural region. Geological Society of America Meeting. CDROM.
Transformation of somatic embryos of Prunus incisa ‘February Pink’ with a visible reporter gene - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cheong, E.J., Pooler, M.R. 2015. Transformation of somatic embryos of Prunus incisa ‘February Pink’ with a visible reporter gene. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology. 3:238-243.
SSRs are useful to assess genetic diversity among Lagerstroemia species - (Proceedings)
Rinehart, T.A., Pounders Jr, C.T., Wang, X., Pooler, M.R. 2015. SSRs are useful to assess genetic diversity among Lagerstroemia species. Acta Horticulture Proceedings. (ISHS) 1087:49-58.
Effective bioassays for evaluating boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata) susceptibility using detached stem inoculations - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Guo, Y., Olsen, R.T., Kramer, M.H., Pooler, M.R. 2015. Effective bioassays for evaluating boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata) susceptibility using detached stem inoculations. HortScience. 50(2):268-271.
Development of polymorphic genic-SSR markers by cDNA library sequencing in boxwood, Buxus spp. (Buxaceae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Thammina, C., Olsen, R.T., Wight-Malapi, M., Crouch, J., Pooler, M.R. 2014. Development of polymorphic genic-SSR markers by cDNA library sequencing in boxwood, Buxus spp. (Buxaceae). Applications in Plant Sciences. 9(12):1400095.
'Helen Taft' and 'Abigail Adams' flowering cherries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2013. 'Helen Taft' and 'Abigail Adams' flowering cherries. HortScience. 48(9):1195-1196.
Description and history of Syringa oblata subsp. oblata 'Frank Meyer' - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lura, S.B., Pooler, M.R., Kirkbride, J.H. 2013. Description and history of Syringa oblata subsp. oblata 'Frank Meyer'. Hanburyana. 7:37-40.
Loropetalum chinense 'Snow Panda' - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2013. Loropetalum chinense 'Snow Panda'. HortScience. 48(7):906.
Interspecific hybridizations in ornamental flowering cherries (Prunus species) Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R., Ma, H. 2013. Interspecific hybridizations in ornamental flowering cherries (Prunus species). Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 138(3):198-204.
In vitro induction of polyploidy in Cercis glabra Pamp - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Nadler, J.D., Pooler, M.R., Olsen, R.T., Coleman, G. 2012. In vitro induction of polyploidy in Cercis glabra Pamp. Scientia Horticulturae. 148:126-130.
Simple sequence repeat markers from Cercis canadensis show wide cross-species transfer and use in genetic studies - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wadl, P.A., Trigiano, R.N., Werner, D.J., Pooler, M.R., Rinehart, T.A. 2012. Simple sequence repeat markers from Cercis canadensis show wide cross-species transfer and use in genetic studies. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 137:189-201.
Interploid hybridizations in ornamental cherries using Prunus maackii - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R., Ma, H., Kidwell Slak, D.L. 2012. Interploid hybridizations in ornamental cherries using Prunus maackii. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 30:89-92.
‘Firefly’ Clethra - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Reed, S.M., Pooler, M.R. 2012. ‘Firefly’ Clethra. HortScience. 47(3):429-430.
Evaluation of genetic diversity and pedigree within crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.) cultivars using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, X., Wadl, P.A., Cabrera, R.I., Pounders Jr, C.T., Scheffler, B.E., Pooler, M.R., Rinehart, T.A., Trigiano, R.N. 2011. Evaluation of genetic diversity and pedigree within crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.) cultivars using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 136(2):116-128.
'Anacostia' Camellia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2011. 'Anacostia' Camellia. HortScience. 46:139-140.
'Cree' and 'Nantucket' Viburnum - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2010. 'Cree' and 'Nantucket' Viburnum. HortScience. 45:1384-1385.
Characterization of twelve microsatellite markers for the native redbud tree (Cercis canadensis) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rinehart, T.A., Trigiano, R., Wadl, P., Hadziabdic, D., Pooler, M.R., Scheffler, B.E. 2010. Characterization of twelve microsatellite markers for the native redbud tree (Cercis canadensis). Molecular Ecology Resources. 10(4):751-754.
DNA Fingerprinting Eastern Redbud Cultivars (Cercis canadensis) Using SSR Markers - (Proceedings)
Rinehart, T.A., Scheffler, B.E., Trigiano, R., Pooler, M.R. 2011. DNA Fingerprinting Eastern Redbud Cultivars (Cercis canadensis) Using SSR Markers. Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. 55:40-45.
Evaluation of flowering cherry (Prunus L.) species, hybrids, and cultivars using SSR markers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ma, H., Olsen, R., Pooler, M, Kramer, Matthew. 2009. Evaluation of Flowering Cherry Species, Hybrids, and Cultivars Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 134:435-444.
Anthocyanin regulatory/structural gene expression in Phalaenopsis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ma, H., Pooler, M.R., Griesbach, R.J. 2009. Anthocyanin regulatory/structural gene expression in Phalaenopsis. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 134:88-96.
'Betsy Ross', "Old Glory', and 'Declaration' Lilacs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2008. 'Betsy Ross', 'Old Glory', and 'Declaration' lilacs. HortScience. 43(2):544-545.
Ratio of Myc and Myb transcription factors regulates antheoyanin production in orchid flowers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ma, H., Pooler, M.R., and Griesbach, R.J. 2008. Ratio of Myc and Myb transcription factors regulates antheoyanin production in orchid flowers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 133(1):133-138.
Clonal Fidelity in Large Colonies of Box Huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachycera Gray) Assessed by DNA Fingerprinting - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R., Nicholson, R., Vandergrift, A. 2008. Clonal fidelity in large colonies of box huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachycea Gray) assessed by DNA fingerprinting. Northeastern Naturalist. 15(1):67-74.
Studies of Anthocyanin Regulatory Genes in Phalaenopsis Using a Transient Expression System - (Abstract Only)
Ma, H., Griesbach, R.J., and Pooler, M.R. 2007. Studies of anthocyanin regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis using a transient expression system. HortScience. 42:971(abstract).
National Arboretum Solves Green Industry Problems with a Multi-Disciplinary Research Approach - (Trade Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2007. The green industry has a federal partner: the National Arboretum. ANLA Today 19(4):6-7.
NEW LILACS FROM THE U.S. NATIONAL ARBORETUM - (Trade Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2006. New lilacs from the U.S. National Arboretum. Lilacs Quarterly Journal 35(4):116-117.
'DREAM CATCHER' AND 'FIRST LADY' FLOWERING CHERRY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2007. 'Dream Cater' and 'First Lady' Flowering Cherry. HortScience. 42(1):174-175.
POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA AND SEVERAL INTER-SPECIFIC HYBRIDS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pounders Jr, C.T., Reed, S.M., Pooler, M.R. 2006. Pollination biology of lagerstroemia indica and several inter-specific hybrids. HortScience Vol. 41(3) June 2006.
'ARAPAHO' AND 'CHEYENNE' LAGERSTROEMIA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R. 2006. 'Arapaho' and 'Cheyenne' Lagerstroemia. HortScience. 41:855-856.
CRAPEMYRTLE, LAGERSTROEMIA SPP. - (Book / Chapter)
Pooler, M.R. 2006. Crapmyrtle - Lagerstroemia indica. In N.O. Anderson (ed). Flower breeding and genetics. Issues, challenges, and opportunities for the 21st century. 2:428-449. Springer, New York.
TSUGA CHINENSIS AS A SOURCE OF HOST RESISTANCE TO THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID - (Abstract Only)
Bentz, S.E., Griesbach, R.J., Pooler, M.R. and Townsend A.M. 2006. Tsuga chinensis as a source of host resistance to the hemlock woolly adelgid. 17th Annual USDA Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy Moth and Other Invasive Species.
TRANSGENIC APPROACHES TO DISEASE RESISTANCE IN ORNAMENTAL CROPS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hammond, J., Hsu, H.T., Huang, Q., Jordan, R.L., Kamo, K.K., Pooler, M.R. 2006. Transgenic approaches to disease resistance in ornamental crops. Journal of Crop Improvement. 17:155-210.
DNA FINGERPRINTING OF CLONES AND HYBRIDS OF AMERICAN ELM AND OTHER SPECIES USING AFLP MARKERS. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pooler, M.R., Townsend, A.M. 2005. DNA fingerprinting of clones and hybrids of American elm and other elm species with AFLP markers. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 23:113-117.
GENOTYPING OF ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING CHERRY GERMPLASM (PRUNUS SPECIES) USING SSR TECHNOLOGY - (Abstract Only)
Ma, H., Pooler, M.R. 2005. Genotyping of ornamental flowering cherry germplasm (Prunus species) using SSR technology. HortScience. 40:1003.
USE OF THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) GENE IN PRUNUS INCISA 'FEBRUARY PINK' AS A SELECTABLE MARKER - (Abstract Only)
Cheong, E., Pooler, M.R. 2005. Use of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in Prunus incisa 'February Pink' as a selectable marker. InVitro. 41:46-A.
A NORMALIZED TRANSIENT EXPRESSION SYSTEM TO STUDY TRANSGENE EXPRESSION - (Abstract Only)
Ma, H., Griesbach, R., Pooler, M.R. 2005. A normalized transient expression system to study transgene expression. InVitro. 41:43-A.
THE IDENTITY OF THE AFRICAN FIREBUSH (HAMELIA) IN THE ORNAMENTAL NURSERY TRADE - (Abstract Only)
Pooler, M. 2004. The Idenity of the African Firebush (Hamelia) in the Ornamental Nursery Trade. HortScience. v. 39(4) pg. 772.
THE IDENTITY OF THE AFRICAN FIREBUSH (HAMELIA) IN THE ORNAMENTAL NURSERY TRADE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Elias, T.S., Pooler, M.R. 2004. The identity of the African firebush (Hamelia) in the ornamental nursery trade. HortScience. 39:1224-1226.
FACTORS AFFECTING SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN PRUNUS INCISA 'FEBRUARY PINK' - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cheong, E., Pooler, M.R. 2004. Factors Affecting Somatic Embryogenesis in Prunus Incisa cv. February Pink. Plant Cell Reports. 2004. v:22, pp:810-815.
LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN CRAPEMYRTLE BREEDING AT THE U.S. NATIONAL ARBORETUM - (Abstract Only)
Pooler, M. 2004. Latest Development in Crapemyrtle breeding at the U.S. National Arboretum. HortScience. v. 39(4) pg. 772.
RECOVERY, PROPAGATION, AND EVALUATION OF THE BOX HUCKLEBERRY, GAYLUSSACIA BRACHYCERA (MICHX.) GRAY - (Abstract Only)
Pooler, M. 2003. Recovery, propagation, and evaluation of the box hucklberry, gaylussacia brachycera (michx.) gray. HortScience. v. 38(5) pg. 668.
BUILDING ON SUCCESS: 45 YEARS OF CRAPMYRTLE BREEDING AT THE U.S. NATIONAL ARBORETUM - (Abstract Only)
Pooler, M., Dix, R., Griesbach, R. 2003. Building on success: 45 years of crapemyrtle breeding at the U.S. National Arboretum. HortScience. v. 38(5) pg. 688.
MICROPROPAGATION OF CHINESE REDBUD (CERCIS YUNNANENSIS) INCLUDING INDUCTION OF ADVENTITIOUS SHOOTS FROM LEAF PIECES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cheong, E., Pooler, M.R. 2003. Micropropagation of Chinese Redbud (Cercis Yunnanensis)Through Axillary Bud Breading and Induction of Adventitious Shoots From Leaf Pieces. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol - Plant. 2003. v:39, pp:455-458.
MOLECULAR MARKERS USED TO VERIFY INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN HEMLOCK (TSUGA) SPECIES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Molecular genetic diversity among twelve clones of lagerstroemia fauriei revealed by AFLP and RAPD markers
OCCURRENCE OF UNREDUCED EGGS IN PEACH - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
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