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2019 Annual Report
Accomplishments
1. Transmission modeling of FMDV in natural hosts. Although FMD is widely described as the most important disease affecting international trade in animal product, many aspects of the basic biology of the causative virus remain unknown. Researchers at USDA, ARS, Orient Point, New York have been working to understand how FMD virus transmits between animals and within populations. Recent work has shown that pigs can transmit the virus before any signs of disease. Research has also showed that FMD virus may be transmitted from oral fluids of carrier cows which have no signs of disease. These findings are critically important to understand how FMD spreads within natural livestock hosts, and to prepare for the possibility of an outbreak in the United States.
2. Discovering a new region in the FMDV important for vaccine efficacy. It has been previously reported that the G-H loop is a flexible structure within the FMDV capsid, which is able to induce a dominant antibody response in the animal host. Researchers at USDA, ARS, Orient Point, New York have demonstrated that modification of this structure in the Ad5-delivered FMD vaccine is tolerable and does not compromise the induction of total anti-FMD antibodies in swine, however, despite the high amount and increased reactivity, these antibodies failed to protect animals against challenge with virulent FMDV. This data suggests that although highly variable, this region of the G-H loop contributes to the protective immunity conferred by Ad5 vector-delivered FMD vaccines in swine, and cannot be substituted without a loss of vaccine efficacy.
Review Publications
Visser, L.J., Medina, G.N., Rabouw, H.H., De Groot, R.J., Langereis, M.A., De los Santos, T.B., Van Kuppeveld, F.J. 2018. FMDV leader protease cleaves G3BP1 and G3BP2 and inhibits stress granule formation. Journal of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00922-18.
Gelkop, S., Sobarzo, A., Brangel, P., Vincke, C., Romao, E., Fedida-Metula, S., Strom, N., Ataliba, I., Mwiin, F.N., Ochwo, S., Velazquez-Salinas, L., McKendry, R.A., Muyldermans, S., Lutwama, J.J., Rieder, A.E., Yavelsky, V., Lobel, L. 2018. The development and validation of a novel nanobody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of foot and mouth disease 3ABC antibodies in cattle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00250.
Medina, G.N., Diaz San-Segundo, F., Stenfeldt, C., Arzt, J., De los Santos, T.B. 2018. The different tactics of foot-and-mouth disease virus to evade innate immunity. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02644.
Chen, X., Gaglione, R., Leong, T., Bednor, L., De los Santos, T.B., Luk, E., Airola, M., Hollingsworth, N.M. 2018. Mek1 coordinates meiotic progression with DNA break repair by directly phosphorylating and inhibiting the yeast pachytene exit regulator Ndt80. PLoS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007832.
Barrionuevo, F., Di Giacomo, S., Bucafusco, D., Ayude, A., Schammas, J., Miraglia, M.C., Capozzo, A., Borca, M.V., Perez-Filgueira, M. 2018. Systemic antibodies administered by passive immunization prevent generalization of the infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle after oronasal challenge. Virology. 518:143-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.012.
De Los Santos, T.B., Diaz-San Segundo, F., Rodriguez, L.L. 2018. The need for improved vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease. Current Opinion in Virology. 29:16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2018.02.005.
Palinski, R., Bertram, M.R., Vu, L.T., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Stenfeldt, C., Fish, I.H., Hoang, B.H., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J. 2019. First genome sequence of Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O sublineage Ind2001e from Vietnam. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01424-18.
Arzt, J., Bertram, M.R., Vu, L.T., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Palinski, R., Stenfeldt, C., Fish, I.H., Hoang, B.H., Dung, D.H. 2019. First detection of Senecavirus A in Vietnam. Emerging Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01247-18.
Bertram, M., Bravo De Rueda, C., Garabed, R., Dickmu Jumbo, S., Moritz, M., Pauszek, S.J., Abdoulkadiri, S., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J. 2018. Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the context of transboundary animal movement in the far north region of Cameroon. Frontiers in Veterinary Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00320.
Arzt, J., Branan, M., Delgado, A., Yadav, S., Moreno-Torres, K., Tildesley, M., Stenfeldt, C. 2019. Quantitative impacts of incubation phase transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39029-0.
Arzt, J., Belsham, G.J., Lohse, L., Botner, A., Stenfeldt, C. 2018. Transmission of foot-and-mouth disease from persistently infected carrier cattle to naive cattle via transfer of oropharyngeal fluid. mSphere. 3(5):e00365-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00365-18.
Biswal, J.K., Ranjan, R., Subramaniam, S., Mohapatra, J.K., Sharma, M.K., Bertram, M.R., Brito, B., Rodriguez, L.L., Pattnaik, B., Arzt, J. 2019. Genetic and antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistent infection in naturally infected cattle and Asian buffalo in India. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214832.
Omondi, G., Alkhamis, M., Obanda, V., Gakuya, F., Sangula, A., Pauszek, S.J., Perez, A., Ngulu, S., Van Aardt, R., Arzt, J., Vanderwaal, K. 2019. Phylogeographic and cross-species transmission dynamics of SAT1 and SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease virus in Eastern Africa. Molecular Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15125.
Fernandez-Sainz, I., Gavitt, T.D., Koster, M., Ramirez-Medina, E., Rodriguez, Y.Y., Wu, P., Silbart, L.K., De Los Santos, T.B., Szczepanek, S.M. 2019. The VP1 G-H loop hypervariable epitope contributes to protective immunity against foot and mouth disease virus in swine. Vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.019.
Arzt, J., Fish, I., Pauszek, S.J., Johnson, S.L., Chain, P.S., Rai, D.K., Rieder, A.E., Goldberg, T.L., Rodriguez, L.L., Stenfeldt, C. 2019. The evolution of a super-swarm of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. Virology. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210847.
Stenfeldt, C., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Palinski, R., Fish, I.H., Silva, E.B., Pauszek, S.J., Arzt, J. 2018. Contact challenge of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease virus validates the role of the nasopharyngeal epithelium as the site of primary and persistent infection. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00493-18.
