Location: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory
2021 Annual Report
Objectives
Objective 1: Support, plan, and/or conduct international and domestic plant explorations and exchanges to acquire plant genetic resources, especially of crop wild relatives and landraces, that fill key gaps in the coverage of the NPGS’s crop collections. [NP301, C2, PS2A]
Objective 2: Maintain and augment GRIN-Taxonomy, the globally accepted plant nomenclatural, classificatory, and ecogeographical reference database. Expand especially its information coverage for crop wild relatives. [NP301, C2, PS2A]
Sub-objective 2.A. Provide accurate scientific plant names in GRIN-Taxonomy, incorporating new data on classification, synonymy, geographical distributions, economic importance, and common names that reflect current literature.
Sub-objective 2.B. Continue to promote global usage of GRIN-Global taxonomic data among genetic resource managers and other agricultural workers.
Sub-objective 2.C. Expand GRIN-Global information coverage on wild relatives of crops (CWR).
Objective 3: Expand collaborations among U.S. Federal, state, and private agencies to strengthen the national capacity for complementary conservation of priority crop wild relatives, both in protected reserves and in NPGS genebanks. [NP301, C2, PS2A]
Objective 4: Manage and facilitate the international exchange (import and export) of NPGS plant genetic resources. [NP301, C2, PS2A]
Objective 5: Serve as coordinator and secretariat for the 42 Crop Germplasm Committees who collectively provide technical input for NPGS plant genetic resource management plans and priorities. [NP301, C2, PS2A]
Approach
Support a plant exploration and exchange program to acquire plant genetic resources for the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Distribute proposal guidelines, provide guidance on exploration planning and execution, review proposals and arrange funding. Contact foreign governmental authorities to negotiate terms on access to genetic resources, including associated benefit sharing. Assist explorers in complying with USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) regulations for importing germplasm. Track completion of explorers’ responsibilities, including submission of reports and provision of germplasm. In cooperation with U.S. explorers, NPGS curators, and collaborating foreign scientists, identify non-monetary benefits for host countries, including projects or expenditures that increase the capacity of the country to conserve genetic resources, and provide assistance for executing the projects. Maintain and augment GRIN-Taxonomy for Plants. Monitor the latest taxonomic literature through routine searches to detect any changes to existing taxonomic classification or nomenclature for possible adoption. Document all data with references in GRIN-Global. Promote the use of GRIN-Taxonomy among genetic resources managers and customers by improving the web interface, encouraging user feedback, and maintaining the integrity of the scientific nomenclature. Develop crop wild relative classifications for crops based on thorough review of all pertinent taxonomic and phylogenetic literature, as well as similar review of the plant-genetic, plant-breeding, or other crop-science literature. Focus on specialty temperate crops and major and minor subtropical crops that have not been treated. Strengthen the national capacity in the U.S. for complementary conservation of priority crop wild relatives, working directly with representatives of the federal and state land-managing agencies to develop formal non-funded, interagency agreements to establish in situ reserves for target populations of crop wild relatives on land protected by the agencies. Maintain permits issued by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for non-regulated nursery stock, small seed lots without a phytosanitary certificate, and herbarium specimens to facilitate importing germplasm for the NPGS. Update and make available instructional sheets on import/export and proper shipping procedures of NPGS germplasm. Maintain regular communications with Department of Homeland Security Customs and Border Protection and APHIS. Support export of NPGS germplasm to researchers and educators worldwide by facilitating the agricultural inspections and issuance of phytosanitary certificates by APHIS, and shipping the germplasm to the final destination. Coordinate the activities of the Crop Germplasm Committees (CGC) by planning and participating in the annual meetings of the CGC Chairs, maintaining documentation of the activities of CGCs (minutes, membership rosters, crop vulnerability reports, etc.), and serving as a liaison between CGCs and ARS leadership to highlight issues and concerns related to plant genetic resources.
Progress Report
This report covers the period from October 2020 through May 2021. One plant exploration in the United States and one in the country of Georgia (without U.S. participants) occurred in the spring of 2021. The accessions collected on these explorations will be new sources of genetic diversity that will be available from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) to scientists worldwide for crop breeding and other research. Numerous adjustments were made to Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) Taxonomy data, including the addition of more than 10,535 distribution, 5,755 literature, 137 common names, and 39 economic use records. More than 3,200 taxon records were verified, and another 6,750 existing records were modified. Crop wild relative work focused on confirming complete data transfer to three new tables in GRIN, deleting old records, and updating and reevaluating genepool and trait data for existing crops. The new Crop Wild Relative webpage is available, as is a restored nodulation data webpage. Work on redesigning and reprogramming the taxonomy webpages continues. The Plant Exchange Office assisted in the distribution of 22,600 accessions from 448 orders to researchers in 56 countries, and in the importation of shipments of germplasm from several foreign countries for U.S. researchers and the NPGS. In collaboration with the U.S. Forest Service, the University of Arizona and Borderlands Restoration Network, a survey and collection of crop wild relatives continued in the Wild Chile Botanical Area of the Coronado National Forest, Arizona, with material deposited into the NPGS. A virtual meeting to update the Crop Germplasm Committee chairs was held on February 22, 2021, with presentations from the Office of National Programs, NGRL, and the National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation.
Accomplishments
Review Publications
Williams, K.A., Kinard, G.R. 2021. Phytosanitary and regulatory issues in the movement of plant genetic resources. Book Chapter. https://colostate.pressbooks.pub/fundamentalsofplantgenebanking/chapter/phytosanitaryregulartorypgr/.
Khoury, C.K., Carver, D., Greene, S.L., Williams, K.A., Achicanoy, H.A., Schori, M., Leon, B., Wiersema, J., Frances, A. 2020. Crop wild relatives of the United States require urgent conservation action. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS). 117(52):33351-33357. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007029117.
