Research Project: Pathobiology, Genetics, and Detection of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Location: Virus and Prion Research

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Chronic wasting disease isolates from Norway and North America lack evidence of common strain characteristics - (Trade Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2022. Chronic wasting disease isolates from Norway and North America lack evidence of common strain characteristics. North American Deer Farmer. p. 112.

Increased attack rates and decreased incubation periods in raccoons with chronic wasting disease passaged through meadow voles - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Moore, S., Carlson, C., Schneider, J., Johnson, C., Greenlee, J.J. 2022. Increased attack rates and decreased incubation periods in raccoons with chronic wasting disease passaged through meadow voles. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 28(4). Article 210271. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2804.210271.

Why are specific tissue samples required for detection of chronic wasting disease prions - (Trade Journal)
Harm, T., Cassmann, E.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2021. Why are specific tissue samples required for detection of chronic wasting disease prions. North American Deer Farmer. p. 40-43.

Generation of human chronic wasting disease in transgenic mice - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wang, Z., Qin, K., Camacho, M., Ignazio, C., Yuan, J., Shen, P., Greenlee, J.J., Kong, Q., Mastrianni, J., Zou, W. 2021. Generation of human chronic wasting disease in transgenic mice. Acta Neuropathologica. 9. Article 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-021-01262-y.

Detection of two dissimilar Chronic Wasting Disease isolates in two captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) herds - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Nichols, T.A., Nicholson, E.M., Liu, Y., Spraker, T.R., Wood, M., Lavelle, M., Fischer, J., Kong, Q., Vercauteren, K.C. 2021. Detection of two dissimilar Chronic Wasting Disease isolates in two captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) herds. Prion. 15(1):207-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2021.1982333.

Experimental oronasal transmission of chronic wasting disease agent from white-tailed deer to Suffolk sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Moore, S., Greenlee, J.J. 2021. Experimental oronasal transmission of chronic wasting disease agent from white-tailed deer to Suffolk sheep. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27(12). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2712.204978.

Hofmeister effect in RT-QuIC seeding activity of Chronic Wasting Disease prions - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., Beckley, D., Alekseev, K.P., Nicholson, E.M. 2021. Hofmeister effect in RT-QuIC seeding activity of Chronic Wasting Disease prions. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 9. Article 709965. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.709965.

Decrease in skin prion-seeding activity of prion-infected mice treated with a compound against human and animal prions: a first possible biomarker for prion therapeutics - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ding, M., Teruya, K., Zhang, W., Lee, H., Yuan, J., Oguma, A., Foutz, A., Camacho, M., Mitchell, M., Greenlee, J.J., Kong, Q., Doh-Ura, K., Cui, L., Zou, W. 2021. Decrease in skin prion-seeding activity of prion-infected mice treated with a compound against human and animal prions: a first possible biomarker for prion therapeutics. Molecular Neurobiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02418-6.

RT-QuIC detection of PrPsc in fecal samples from CWD infected White-tailed Deer using Bank Vole Substrate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M. 2021. RT-QuIC detection of PrPsc in fecal samples from CWD infected White-tailed Deer using Bank Vole Substrate. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 8. Article 643754. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.643754.

Transmission of the atypical/nor98 scrapie agent to suffolk sheep with VRQ/ARQ, ARQ/ARQ, and ARQ/ARR genotypes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Mammadova, J., Benestad, S., Moore, S., Greenlee, J.J. 2021. Transmission of the atypical/nor98 scrapie agent to suffolk sheep with VRQ/ARQ, ARQ/ARQ, and ARQ/ARR genotypes. PLoS ONE. 16(2). Article e0246503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246503.

Second passage of chronic wasting disease of mule deer in sheep compared to classical scrapie after intracranial inoculation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Frese, R., Greenlee, J.J. 2021. Second passage of chronic wasting disease of mule deer in sheep compared to classical scrapie after intracranial inoculation. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 33(4):711-720. https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387211017615.

Autoclave treatment of the classical scrapie agent US No. 13-7 and experimental inoculation to susceptible VRQ/ARQ sheep via the oral route results in decreased transmission efficiency - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Mammadova, N., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Autoclave treatment of the classical scrapie agent US No. 13-7 and experimental inoculation to susceptible VRQ/ARQ sheep via the oral route results in decreased transmission efficiency. PLoS ONE. 15(12). Article e0243009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243009.

Successful transmission of the chronic wasting disease (CWD) agent to white-tailed deer by intravenous blood transfusion - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., Cassman, E., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Successful transmission of the chronic wasting disease (CWD) agent to white-tailed deer by intravenous blood transfusion. Research in Veterinary Science. 133:304-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.009.

Evaluation of antemortem diagnostic techniques in goats naturally infected with scrapie - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., West Greenlee, H.M., Moore, J.S., Hwang, S., Lehmkuhl, A.D., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Evaluation of antemortem diagnostic techniques in goats naturally infected with scrapie. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7. Article 517862. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.517862.

Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Moore, Sara, J, S.J., Kokemullar, R.D., Balkema-Buschman, A., Groschup, M., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ. BMC Veterinary Research. 16. Article 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02611-0.

CWD research update from NADC - (Trade Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. CWD research update from NADC. North American Deer Farmer. p.72-73.

Experimental inoculation of CD11c+ B1 lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, or platelet-rich plasma from scrapie-infected sheep into susceptible sheep results in variable infectivity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., Cassmann, E., Moore, S., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Experimental inoculation of CD11c+ B1 lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, or platelet-rich plasma from scrapie-infected sheep into susceptible sheep results in variable infectivity. Access Microbiology. 2(9). https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000155.

Efficient transmission of US scrapie agent by intralingual route to genetically susceptible sheep with a low dose inoculum - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., Cassmann, E., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Efficient transmission of US scrapie agent by intralingual route to genetically susceptible sheep with a low dose inoculum. Research in Veterinary Science. 132:217-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.010.

An ex vivo brain slice culture model of chronic wasting disease: implications for disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kondru, N., Manne, S., Kokemuller, R., Greenlee, J.J., West Greenlee, M.H., Nichols, T., Kong, Q., Anantharam, V., Kanthasamy, A., Halbur, P., Kanthasamy, A. 2020. An ex vivo brain slice culture model of chronic wasting disease: implications for disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development. Scientific Reports. 10. Article 7640. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64456-9.

Ex-vivo brain slice culture model for chronic wasting disease - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kondru, N., Manne, S., Kokemuller, R., Greenlee, J.J., West Greenlee, M.H., Nichols, T., Kong, Q., Anantharam, V., Kanthasamy, A., Halbur, P., Kanthasamy, A. 2020. Ex-vivo brain slice culture model for chronic wasting disease. Scientific Reports. 10:7640. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64456-9.

Experimental study using multiple strains of prion disease in cattle reveals an inverse relationship between incubation time and misfolded prion accumulation, neuroinflammation, and autophagy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., West Greenlee, M.H., Moore, S.J., Sakaguchi, D.S., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Experimental study using multiple strains of prion disease in cattle reveals an inverse relationship between incubation time and misfolded prion accumulation, neuroinflammation, and autophagy. American Journal of Pathology. 190(7):1461-1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.006.

Experimental study using multiple strains of prion disease in cattle reveals an inverse relationship between incubation time and misfolded prion accumulation, neuroinflammation and autophagy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., West Greenlee, M.H., Moore, S.J., Sakaguchi, D.S., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Experimental study using multiple strains of prion disease in cattle reveals an inverse relationship between incubation time and misfolded prion accumulation, neuroinflammation and autophagy. Scientific Reports. 190(7):1461-1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.006.

Retina as a model to study in vivo transmission of alpha-synuclein in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson’s disease - (Book / Chapter)
Mammadova, N., Baron, T., Verchere, J., Greenlee, J.J., West Greenlee, M.H. 2021. Retina as a model to study in vivo transmission of alpha-synuclein in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. In: Singh S.R., Hoffman R.M., Singh A. (eds) Mouse Genetics. Methods in Molecular Biology. New York, NY: Humana. p.75-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1008-4_5.

Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Moore, S., Tatum, T.L., Hwang, S., Vrentas, C.E., West Greenlee, M.H., Kong, Q., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein. Nature Scientific Reports. 10:1-13. Article 3148. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59819-1.

Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Moore, S.J., Tatum, T.L., Hwang, S., Vrentas, C.E., West Greenlee, M.H., Kong, Q., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Novel strain of the chronic wasting disease agent isolated from experimentally inoculated elk with LL132 prion protein. Scientific Reports. 10(3148). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59819-1.

Pathogenesis, detection, and control of scrapie in sheep - (Review Article)
Cassman, E.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. Pathogenesis, detection, and control of scrapie in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 81(7):600-614. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.81.7.600.

Role of donor genotype in RT-QuIC seeding activity of chronic wasting disease prions using human and bank vole substrates - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Nicholson, E.M. 2020. Role of donor genotype in RT-QuIC seeding activity of chronic wasting disease prions using human and bank vole substrates. Scientific Reports. 15(1):e0227487. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227487.

The pathogenesis, detection, and control of scrapie in sheep - (Review Article)
Cassmann, E.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2020. The pathogenesis, detection, and control of scrapie in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 81(7):600-614. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.81.7.600.

PAD-bead enrichment enhances detection of PrPSc using real-time quaking-induced conversion - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., Dassanayake, R.P., Nicholson, E.M. 2019. PAD-bead enrichment enhances detection of PrPSc using real-time quaking-induced conversion. Bioscience Reports. 12:806. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4842-7.

Sheep are susceptible to the agent of TME by intracranial inoculation and have evidence of infectivity in lymphoid tissues - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Moore, S.J., Smith, J.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2019. Sheep are susceptible to the agent of TME by intracranial inoculation and have evidence of infectivity in lymphoid tissues. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 6:430. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00430.

Sheep are susceptible to the bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy agent by intracranial inoculation and have evidence of infectivity in lymphoid tissues - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Moore, S.J., Smith, J.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2019. Sheep are susceptible to the bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy agent by intracranial inoculation and have evidence of infectivity in lymphoid tissues. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00430.

The chronic wasting disease agent from mule deer has widespread lymphoid distribution in sheep after second passage intracranial inoculation - (Abstract Only)
Cassmann, E., Frese, R.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2019. The chronic wasting disease agent from mule deer has widespread lymphoid distribution in sheep after second passage intracranial inoculation. 2019 American College of Veterinary Pathologists Annual Meeting. Paper No. EY-56.

In-situ temporospatial characterization of the glial response to prion infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Michael, A.V., Greenlee, J.J., Harm, T.A., Moore, S.J., Zhang, M., Lind, M.S., West Greenlee, M.H., Smith, J.D. 2019. In-situ temporospatial characterization of the glial response to prion infection. Veterinary Pathology. 57(1):90-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985819861708.

Incubation periods of classical and atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE) reflect an inverse relationship between PrPSc-associated neuroinflammation and autophagy - (Abstract Only)
Mammadova, N., West Greenlee, M.H., Moore, S.J., Sakaguchi, D.S., Greenlee, J.J. 2019. Incubation periods of classical and atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE) reflect an inverse relationship between PrPSc-associated neuroinflammation and autophagy. Prion. 13. Article 242. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1615197.

Scrapie in white-tailed deer: a strain of the CWD agent that efficiently transmits to sheep? - (Abstract Only)
Greenlee, J.J., Kokemuller, R.D., Moore, S.J., West Greenlee, M.H. 2019. Scrapie in white-tailed deer: a strain of the CWD agent that efficiently transmits to sheep? Prion. 13. Article 223. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1615197.

The agent of transmissible mink encephalopathy passaged in sheep is similar to BSE-L - (Abstract Only)
Cassmann, E.D., Greenlee, J.J., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Groschup, M.H., Moore, S.J., Kokemuller, R. 2019. The agent of transmissible mink encephalopathy passaged in sheep is similar to BSE-L. Prion. 13. Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1615197.

The diagnosis of the prion diseases of animals - (Abstract Only)
Greenlee, J.J. 2019. The diagnosis of the prion diseases of animals [abstract].2019 Tri-State plus One Histology Symposium. 05/08/2019.

Raccoons accumulate PrPSc after intracranial inoculation with the agents of chronic wasting disease (CWD) or transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) but not atypical scrapie - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Moore, S.J., Smith, J.D., Richt, J., Greenlee, J.J. 2019. Raccoons accumulate PrPSc after intracranial inoculation with the agents of chronic wasting disease (CWD) or transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) but not atypical scrapie. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 31(2):200-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638718825290.

Scrapie agent from different genotypes of sheep show different seeding activity with elk recombinant prion proteins in RT-QuIC - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Vance, N.M., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Source genotype influence on cross species transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies evaluated by RT-QuIC. PLoS One. 13(12):e0209106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209106.

Preparation of lyophilized recombinant prion protein for TSE diagnosis by RT-QuIC - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., Tatum, T., Lebepe-Mazur, S., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Preparation of lyophilized recombinant prion protein for TSE diagnosis by RT-QuIC. BMC Research Notes. 11:895. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3982-5.

Sheep with the homozygous lysine-171 prion protein genotype are resistant to classical scrapie after experimental oronasal inoculation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cassmann, E.D., Moore, S.J., Smith, J.D., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. Sheep with the homozygous lysine-171 prion protein genotype are resistant to classical scrapie after experimental oronasal inoculation. Veterinary Pathology. 56(3):409-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985818817066.

Accelerated accumulation of retinal alpha-synuclein (pSer129) and tau, neuroinflammation, and autophagic dysregulation in a seeded mouse model of Parkinson's disease - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mammadova, N., Summers, C.M., Kokemuller, R.D., He, Q., Ding, S., Baron, T., Yu, C., Valentine, R.J., Sakaguchi, D.S., Kanthasamy, A.G., Greenlee, J.J., West Greenlee, M.H. 2019. Accelerated accumulation of retinal alpha-synuclein (pSer129) and tau, neuroinflammation, and autophagic dysregulation in a seeded mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 121:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.013.

Sheep are susceptible to the agent of transmissible mink encephalopathy after intracranial inoculation - (Abstract Only)

Review: update on classical and atypical scrapie in sheep and goats - (Review Article)
Greenlee, J.J. 2018. Review: update on classical and atypical scrapie in sheep and goats. Veterinary Pathology. 56(1):6-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985818794247.

The agent of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism transmits after oronasal challenge - (Abstract Only)
Greenlee, J.J., Moore, S.J., West Greenlee, M.H. 2018. The agent of H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy associated with E211K prion protein polymorphism transmits after oronasal challenge. Prion 2018, May 22-25, 2018, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Paper No. P98, page 116.

Retinopathy in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: seeding of synucleinopathy induces accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (pSer129) and tau, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and cell death - (Abstract Only)
Mammadova, N., Kokemuller, R., Summers, C.M., He, Q., Ding, S., Baron, T., Yu, C., Valentine, R.J., Sakaguchi, D.S., Kanthasamy, A.G., Greenlee, J.J., West Greenlee, M.H. 2018. Retinopathy in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease: seeding of synucleinopathy induces accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (pSer129) and tau, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and cell death. Prion 2018, May 22-25, 2018, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Paper No. P144. p. 149-150.

The agent of chronic wasting disease from pigs is infectious in transgenic mice expressing human PRNP - (Abstract Only)
Moore, S.J., Kokemuller, R.D., West-Greenlee, M.H., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Groschup, M.H., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. The agent of chronic wasting disease from pigs is infectious in transgenic mice expressing human PRNP. Prion 2018, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, May 22-25, 2018. Paper No. WA15, page 44.

RT-QuIC seeding activity using elk recombinant prion proteins discriminates scrapie isolates - (Abstract Only)
Hwang, S., Greenlee, J.J., Vance, N.M., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. RT-QuIC seeding activity using elk recombinant prion proteins discriminates scrapie isolates. Prion 2018. Poster No. P58, p. 85.

Divalent cation effects on elk prion protein stability and fibril formation - (Abstract Only)
Nicholson, E.M., Samorodnitsky, D. 2018. Divalent cation effects on elk prion protein stability and fibril formation. Prion 2018, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, May 22-25, 2018. Poster No. P14, p. 53.

Pathologic and biochemical characterization of PrPSc from elk with PRNP polymorphisms at codon 132 after experimental infection with the chronic wasting disease agent - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Moore, S.J., Vrentas, C.E., Hwang, S., West Greenlee, M.H., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. Pathologic and biochemical characterization of PrPSc from elk with PRNP polymorphisms at codon 132 after experimental infection with the chronic wasting disease agent. BMC Veterinary Research. 14(1):80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1400-9.

Differential effects of divalent cations on elk prion protein fibril formation and stability - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Samorodnitsky, D., Nicholson, E.M. 2018. Differential effects of divalent cations on elk prion protein fibril formation and stability. Prion. 12(1):63-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2017.1423187.

Detection of BSE prions by RT-QuIC in cattle with subclinical BSE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hwang, S., West Greenlee, M.H., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Groschup, M.H., Nicholson, E.M., Greenlee, J.J. 2018. Real-time quaking-induced conversion detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions in a subclinical steer. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 4:242. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00242.

Experimental transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent to swine after oral or intracranial inoculation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Moore, S.J., West Greenlee, M.H., Kondru, N., Manne, S., Smith, J.D., Kunkle, R.A., Kanthasamy, A., Greenlee, J.J. 2017. Experimental transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent to swine after oral or intracranial inoculation. Journal of Virology. 91(19):e00926-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00926-17.

Pathology in practice: pituitary adenoma in a sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Smith, J.D., Harm, T.A., Greenlee, J.J. 2019. Pathology in practice: pituitary adenoma in a sheep. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 254(7):819-821. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.254.7.819.

Accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein (p129S) and retinal pathology in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease - (Abstract Only)

Passage of scrapie to deer results in a new phenotype upon return passage to sheep - (Abstract Only)