Author
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Lukaski, Henry |
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Submitted to: Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 8/8/2000 Publication Date: 1/1/2001 Citation: Lukaski, H.C. 2001. Magnesium, Zinc and chromium nutrition and athletic performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology. 26:S13-S22. Interpretive Summary: As people begin to examine the role that diet plays in development of physical fitness, they usually focus on macronutrients including water, protein, carbohydrate and fat. There is increasing evidence that other nutrients, specifically minerals such as magnesium and zinc, are needed for proper utilization of macronutrients. Studies in humans reveal that magnesium and zinc are required to support the development of muscle strength and endurance as well as the integration of heart and lung function. When people consume diets that provide magnesium and zinc in amounts consistent with health, they maximize the opportunity for development of peak physical performance. Also, individuals with serum or plasma magnesium or zinc concentrations in the lower end of the range of normal values improve physical performance when intake of magnesium or zinc, respectively, are increased. In contrast, the role of chromium intake has not been well established. Studies of humans supplemented with chromium have not yielded consistent improvement in physical performance measures or body composition parameters. These findings will be informative to dietitians counseling physically active individuals on proper diets for optimal performance and advisory groups who make recommendations for nutrient intakes to promote health and optimize genetic potential for development and performance. Technical Abstract: Magnesium, zinc and chromium are mineral elements required in modest amounts for health and optimal performance. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that magnesium and zinc play significant roles in promoting strength and cardiorespiratory function in healthy persons and athletes. Differences in study designs, however, limit conclusions about recommendations for intakes of magnesium and zinc needed for optimal performance and function. The role of chromium in supporting performance is not well established. There is a compelling need to confirm and extend findings of beneficial effects of magnesium and zinc function and performance of humans. Suggestions for an experimental model and specific topics for research to advance knowledge of mineral nutrition to promote attainment of genetic potential for optimal performance are provided. |
