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Title: DEVELOPMENT OF A VIROSOME VACCINE FOR NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS THAT PROTECTS AGAINST LETHAL CHALLENGE

Author
item Kapczynski, Darrell
item Tumpey, Terrence

Submitted to: Avian Diseases
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/17/2003
Publication Date: 7/1/2003
Citation: KAPCZYNSKI, D.R., TUMPEY, T. DEVELOPMENT OF A VIROSOME VACCINE FOR NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS THAT PROTECTS AGAINST LETHAL CHALLENGE. AVIAN DISEASES. 2003. 47:578-587.

Interpretive Summary: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and is responsible for a highly infectious viral disease of poultry. Many different types of vaccines have been produced for protection against NDV outbreaks. In this study, we describe and characterize the production of a novel NDV virosome vaccine and examined protective immunity following vaccination with subsequent virulent NDV challenge. Vaccination with NDV virosomes resulted in increased antibody levels against NDV. The NDV virosomes also provided complete protection from lethal challenge whereas non-vaccinated birds developed disease.

Technical Abstract: In an effort to protect chickens against Newcastle disease (ND), a non-replicating virosome-vaccine was produced by solubilization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with Triton X-100 followed by detergent removal with SM2 Bio-Beads. Biochemical analysis indicated that the NDV virosomes had similar characteristics as the parent virus and contained both the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins. To target the respiratory tract, SPF chickens were immunized intranasally and intratracheally with the NDV virosome vaccine. This was compared to a standard NDV (LaSota) live-virus vaccine for commercial poultry. Seroconversion (> 4-fold increase in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers) was achieved in all vaccinated birds utilizing the virosome vaccine. Upon lethal challenge with a velogenic NDV strain (Texas GB), all birds receiving either vaccination method were protected against death. Antibody levels against NDV, as determined by ELISA and HI titer, were comparable when utilizing either vaccine and increased following virus challenge. These results demonstrate the potential of virosomes as an effective tool for ND vaccination.