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ARS Home » Plains Area » Brookings, South Dakota » Integrated Cropping Systems Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #142295
Title: STARTER FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY

Author
item Osborne, Shannon
item Riedell, Walter
item Pikul Jr, Joseph

Submitted to: Proceedings Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/20/2002
Publication Date: 3/5/2002
Citation: Osborne, S.L., Riedell, W.E., Pikul Jr, J.L. 2002. Starter fertilizer effects on soybean grain yield and quality. In A Schlegel (ed.) Proc. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conf. 9:194-198.

Interpretive Summary: Fertilizing soybeans is not an entirely new concept; for a number of years, work has been conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on soybean yield and quality. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of starter fertilizer N rates and sources on soybean yield, protein, and oil content in the cool soils of the Northern Great Plains. A field experiment was established within a two-year corn/soybean rotation. Treatments included tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage), N rates (0, 7, 14, and 21 lb/ac) and N source (ammonium nitrate and urea). Grain yields were higher for 2000 growing season compared to 2001 largely due to differences in rainfall. A yield reduction resulted from the 7 lb/ac rate during 2000. Maximum yield occurred at the 21 lb/ac ammonium nitrate. Application of urea had effect on grain yield regardless of N rate. The only yield difference for the 2001 season was between the tillage treatments. Similar to 2000 data the 7 lb/ac ammonium nitrate treatment had the lowest yield with maximum yield occurring at the 21 lb/ac ammonium nitrate treatment, but the difference was not significant. We speculate that the former results could be due to a decrease in nodulation in the early growth stages and subsequent decrease in N fixation. Perhaps the higher N rates provided enough soil N to overcome a delay in nodulation. Similar to the yield data, the 7 lb/ac ammonium nitrate rate had the lowest N concentration, with the 14 lb/ac ammonium nitrate rate having the highest. Oil content was significantly affected by tillage and N rate with the no-tillage resulting in higher oil content. There was no significant difference for N concentration or oil content for 2001. Although there were few significant differences in the 2001 growing season and the differences in the 2000 were small, it is important to note that applying N as starter has the potential to increase soybean yield and quality when soil temperatures are cool.

Technical Abstract: Fertilizing soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is not an entirely new concept; for a number of years, scientists have investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on yield and quality of soybeans. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of starter fertilizer N rates and sources on soybean yield, protein, and oil content in the cool soils of the Northern Great Plains. A field experiment was established within a two-year corn (Zea mays L.) soybean rotation using a split-plot design with four replications. Whole plots were no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and the split plots were starter fertilizer (two sources x four rates) treatments. Nitrogen sources were either ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea (UR) each applied at 0, 7.8, 15.7, and 23.5 kg N ha-1. Grain yields were higher for 2000 growing season compared to 2001 largely due to differences in rainfall. A yield reduction resulted from the 7.8 kg N ha-1 rate during 2000. Maximum yield occurred at the 23.5 kg N ha-1 AN treatment. Application of UR had no significant effect on grain yield regardless of N rate. The only yield difference for the 2001 season was between the tillage treatments. Similar to 2000 data the 7.8 kg N ha-1 AN treatment had the lowest yield with maximum yield occurring at the 23.5 kg N ha-1 AN treatment, but the difference was not significant. We speculate that the former results could be due to a decrease in nodulation in the early growth stages and subsequent decrease in N fixation. Perhaps the 15.7 and 23.5 kg treatments provided enough soil N to overcome a delay in nodulation. Similar to the yield data, the 7.8 kg N ha-1 AN rate had the lowest N concentration, with the 15.7 kg N ha-1 AN rate having the highest. Oil content was significantly affected by tillage and N rate with the NT resulting in higher oil content. There was no significant difference for N concentration or oil content for 2001. Although there were few significant differences in the 2001 growing season and the differences in the 2000 were small, it is important to note that applying N as starter has the potential to increase soybean yield and quality when soil temperatures are cool.