Skip to main content
ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Corvallis, Oregon » Horticultural Crops Research Unit » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #154315
Title: EPIDEMIOLOGY, DETECTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS AND XIPHINEMA AMERICANUM IN RED RASPBERRY.

Author
item Pinkerton, John
item Martin, Robert
item Kraus, Jennifer

Submitted to: Phytopathology
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/1/2002
Publication Date: 6/1/2002
Citation: J. Pinkerton, R. Martin, J. Kraus, USDA ARS. Epidemiology, detection, and management of tomato ringspot virus and Xiphinema americanum in red raspberry. Phytopathology (supplement) June 2002.

Interpretive Summary: Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) is a problem in red raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Vigor declines after plants become infected with ToRSV and infected plants often die in 4-5 years. ToRSV is managed by fumigating the soil before planting to eliminate its nematode vector, Xiphinema americanum. However, the virus often reoccurs 3-4 years after fumigation. This research was conducted to gain knowledge on the processes of disease epidemiology as a basis for developing disease management techniques. The population dynamics of X. americanum in a ToRSV infected raspberry planting and ability of the nematode to vector ToRSV was accessed monthly for 3 years. Populations of X. americanum were greatest in the winter and early spring, but detection of ToRSV by cucumber assays of field soil was greatest in the summer. Crop rotations were evaluated for the control of the nematode and ToRSV. Eighteen months cropping with rapeseed or clean fallow significantly reduced nematode densities as did soil fumigation, while cropping with fescue and raspberry did not. Raspberries were planted in the cover crop plots and tested for ToRSV after 12 months. ToRSV was not detected in raspberry leaves from plants in any treatment. Techniques were developed to detect ToRSV in populations of the nematodes as a research and diagnostic tool.

Technical Abstract: Population densities of Xiphinema americanum were monitored monthly for three years in plots established in an infected red raspberry field. The ability of the nematode to vector tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) was assayed with cucumber seedlings planted in soil collected from each of 12 blocks. Cucumber leaves were assayed for ToRSV by ELISA. Nematode population densities were greatest in the winter and early spring, with lowest densities observed in the summer. Conversely, virus was not detected in assay plants in the winter while virus infection was greatest in the summer. Crop rotations were evaluated for the control of the nematode and ToRSV. Eighteen months cropping with rapeseed or clean fallow significantly reduced nematode densities as did soil fumigation, while cropping with fescue and raspberry did not. Raspberries were planted in the cover crop plots and tested for ToRSV after 12 months. ToRSV was not detected in raspberry leaves from plants in any treatment. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect ToRSV in nematodes