Author
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HIGGINS, JAMES |
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Submitted to: Encyclopedia of Water
Publication Type: Other Publication Acceptance Date: 9/30/2004 Publication Date: 5/1/2005 Citation: Higgins, J.A. 2005. Threat agents and water biosecurity. Encyclopedia of Water. pp. 1-5 of the volume titled: Domestic Municipal and Industrical Water Supply and Waste Disposal. Vol. No. 5 of 5. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: In the aftermath of the anthrax bioterror outbreak in the Eastern United States in the Fall of 2001, the security of the potable water distribution network has assumed a new importance. Both source and finished waters may represent possible targets for the introduction of biological threat agents. These agents may consist of viruses such as smallpox or hemorrhagic fever viruses; bacteria, such as Bacillus anthracis and Francisella tularensis; and toxins, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin or ricin. Little is known about the stability of threat agents in source and finished waters, and the effects of conventional disinfection regimens on pathogen survival and infectivity. Methods currently in use for the recovery of waterborne pathogens such as E. coli, Cryptosporidium, and enteric viruses, may be readily adapted for use in detecting threat agents in water samples. Newer diagnostic technologies, based on immunological and molecular biology approaches, may be able to provide the water industry with more sensitive and accurate testing methods for threat agents. Recently, a number of research and development programs dealing with water biosecurity have been implemented by federal and industry organizations. These initiatives should assist water resource managers as they confront this new challenge to water quality and public health. Key words: pathogens, water quality, biosecurity, biological warfare |
