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Title: INTRAMUSCULAR ADIPOCYTES- POTENTIAL TO PREVENT LIPOTOXICITY IN SKELETAL MUSCLE

Author
item Poulos, Sylvia
item Hausman, Gary

Submitted to: Adipocytes
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/17/2005
Publication Date: 5/20/2005
Citation: Poulos, S.P., Hausman, G.J. 2005. Intramuscular adipocytes- potential to prevent lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle. Adipocytes. 1(2):79-94.

Interpretive Summary: Factors that regulate intramuscular or muscle fat accumulation and breakdown and the sites of muscle fat accumulation were reviewed. In particular, the regulation of intramuscular fat cell development in normal and disease states was also reviewed. Additional studies were reviewed that indicate locally produced factors from muscle and fat play roles in regulating fat accumulation in muscle in normal and disease states. Information from these collective studies can be used to develop strategies for up-regulating fat cell development in muscles of growing animals to enhance marbling and meat quality.

Technical Abstract: Lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle is highly correlated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been postulated that lipotoxicity of skeletal muscle cells is responsible for impaired insulin signaling. Many studies do not account for the localization of lipid in skeletal muscle tissue. Lipid can accumulate in muscle cells or in intra- and inter-muscular adipocytes. Intramuscular adipocytes may store triacylglycerol which would otherwise accumulate in myofibers and cause lipotoxicity. However, little is known about the growth and regulation of intramuscular adipocytes. This review will discuss (1) the distinct sites of lipid storage within skeletal muscle, (2) the regulation of intramuscular adipogenesis, (3) several physiologic states with altered intramuscular lipid stores, (4) lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle, (5) and the paracrine signals from adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells that may influence metabolism as they appear to play a significant role in lipotoxicity and may regulate lipid storage within skeletal muscle tissue.