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Submitted to: Meeting Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings Publication Acceptance Date: 5/9/2005 Publication Date: 9/1/2005 Citation: Chen, X. 2005. Challenges and solutions for stripe rust control in the united states. Meeting Proceedings. Global Landscapes in Cereal Rust Control, Sept. 20-21, 2005, University of Sydney, Australia. pg 45. Interpretive Summary: We evaluated several thousands of wheat and barley germplasm and breeding lines for resistance to stripe rusts every year in multiple locations under natural infections and with selected races under controlled greenhouse conditions. Disease data of regional nurseries were provided to all breeding and extension programs of that region, while data of individual breeders’ nurseries were provided to the individual breeders. Through our testing, a numerous wheat and barley cultivars with durable and superior resistance were released. Through the germplasm screening, we have established a core collection of wheat germplasms with stripe rust resistance. The current collection has more than 4,000 entries, which are valuable sources of stripe rust resistance for further characterization and for use in development of wheat and barley cultivars with superior resistance. Genetics of stripe rust resistance in a numerous wheat and barley genotypes were determined and molecular markers for genes conferring all-stage and high-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) resistance were developed. Technical Abstract: Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has been one of the most destructive diseases on wheat in the western U.S. since late 1950s and has become increasingly important in the central and southeastern U.S. since 2000. The disease epidemics caused yield losses estimated as 1.20, 5.24, 1.06, 11.75, 1.61 million metric tons in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively, plus multi-million dollars on fungicide applications every year. In 2005, the distribution of wheat stripe rust in more than 30 states was the most widespread in the U.S. recorded history. Stripe rust of barley caused by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, a relatively new disease, has established and caused severe damages in the south central and western states since the pathogen was first reported in Texas in 1991. Stripe rusts on bluegrass (Poa pratenses) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), caused by P. striiformis f. sp. poae and (P. striiformis f. sp. dactylidis), respectively, cause problems mainly in seed production. |
