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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Albany, California » Western Regional Research Center » Invasive Species and Pollinator Health » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #204087
Title: Prescribed fire in a Great Basin sagebrush ecosystem: Dynamics of soil extractable nitrogen and phosphorus

Author
item RAU, BEN - UNIV. OF NEVADA, RENO
item Blank, Robert - Bob
item CHAMBERS, JEANNE - USDA-FOREST SERVICE
item JOHNSON, DALE - UNIV. OF NEVADA, RENO

Submitted to: Journal of Arid Environments
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/4/2007
Publication Date: 6/25/2007
Citation: Rau, B.M., Blank, R.R., Chambers, J.C., Johnson, D.W. 2007. Prescribed fire in a Great Basin sagebrush ecosystem: Dynamics of soil extractable nitrogen and phosphorus. Journal of Arid Environments. 71:362-375.

Interpretive Summary: Recent expansion of pinyon/juniper woodlands into sagebrush habitat had reduced herbaceous vegetation available for livestock and wildlife. Prescribed burning is a potential tool to restore sagebrush habitat, but little is known of burning effects on soil nitrogen and phosphorus in the long-term. Following a prescribed burn in a pinyon-juniper woodland in central Nevada, we quantified the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus over a four year period. For over two years, prescribed burning significantly increased nitrogen and phosphorus availability in surface soil layers, relative to unburned controls. Increased availability of nitrogen and phosphorus can enhance post-fire revegeation efforts; however, it can also increase risk of invasion by exotics species such as cheatgrass.

Technical Abstract: Pinyon and juniper have been expanding into sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems since settlement of the Great Basin around 1860. Herbaceous understory vegetation is eliminated as stand densities increase and the potential for catastrophic fires increases. Prescribed fire is increasingly used to remove trees and promote recovery of sagebrush ecosystems. We quantified the effects of prescribed fire, vegetation type, and time following fire on soil KCl extractable nitrogen and NaHCO3 extractable phosphorus in a pinyon-juniper woodland and its associated sagebrush ecosystem immediately before and for 4-years after a spring prescribed burn. Potassium chloride extractable NH4+ and total inorganic-N increased immediately following prescribed fire, and extractable NO3- decreased immediately after the burn. In the surface layer (top 8 cm), extractable NH4+ remained elevated compared to the control through year two after the burn. By the first fall post burn Extractable NO3- and total extractable inorganic-N increased and remained elevated over the control through year three after the burn in the surface layer. For the entire soil profile (52 cm), the burn had no effect on NH4+, and the effects on total extractable inorganic-N were no longer significant after year one. However, NO3- remained elevated over the control through year two post-fire for the soil profile. Near surface NaHCO3 extractable ortho-P increased immediately following fire, and remained elevated through year two post-fire. No fire effects were observed for extractable ortho-P in deeper horizons. Our data show that plant available nitrogen can remain elevated for extended periods following prescribed fire. This can influence regrowth and seedling establishment of native plant species, invasion of exotic plant species and, ultimately, site recovery potential.