Author
 |
Lehmkuhl, Howard |
|
Submitted to: Archives of Virology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 2/5/2008 Publication Date: 4/25/2008 Citation: Lehmkuhl, H.D. 2008. Serologic and hexon phylogenetic analysis of ruminant adenoviruses. Archives of Virology. 153(5):891-897. Interpretive Summary: The increased numbers of adenovirus isolates from ruminants and serologic cross reactivity has made serotyping adenoviruses more cumbersome and problematic. Quality typing reagents are often only available in a few reference laboratories to perform the reciprocal cross-neutralization tests necessary to characterize new adenovirus isolates. The objectives of this study were to determine the antigenic relationship among ruminant adenoviruses and determine their relationship based on the hexon gene amino acid sequence. Results of reciprocal cross-neutralization tests demonstrated antigenic relationships in either one or both directions among bovine adenovirus type 6 (BAdV- 6), BAdV-7, ovine adenovirus type 7 (OAdV-7), caprine adenovirus type 1 (GAdV-1), and deer adenovirus (Odocoileus adenovirus 1, OdAdV-1). No antigenic cross reactivity was observed among the other ruminant adenoviruses. Hexon PCR primer sets were developed for Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus genera in the Adenoviridae family. Digests of cloned PCR products produced patterns unique to the individual adenovirus serotypes. These PCR primer sets can be used in research and diagnostic laboratories to identify ruminant adenoviruses without the need for cumbersome serology. Technical Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the antigenic relationship among ruminant adenoviruses and determine their phylogenetic relationship based on the deduced hexon gene amino acid sequence. Results of reciprocal cross-neutralization tests demonstrated antigenic relationships in either one or both directions among bovine adenovirus type 6 (BAdV- 6), BAdV-7, ovine adenovirus type 7 (OAdV-7), caprine adenovirus type 1 (GAdV-1), and deer adenovirus (Odocoileus adenovirus 1, OdAdV-1). No antigenic cross reactivity was observed among BAdV-1 through -5, and -8 and the other putative ruminant adenoviruses. Two PCR primer sets, one for Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus that amplified an approximately 2,700 bp region in the hexon genes were used for comparative studies. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced hexon amino acid sequences clustered the ruminant adenoviruses on the Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus branches of the Adenoviridae tree. The recent classification of BAdV-6, and -7 as members of the Atadenovirus genus was supported by phylogenetic distance matrix analysis of their deduced hexon amino acid sequences. Further we propose that BAdV-6 and -7 be recognized as new Atadenovirus species BAdV E and F, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the OdAdV-1 places this virus in the Atadenovirus genus with a proposed new species OdAdV A. OAdV-6 and GAdV-2 are proposed as Mastadenovirus species OAdV C and GAdV A respectively. |
