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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Florence, South Carolina » Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Conservation Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #252781
Title: Changes in physicochemical characteristics of biochars by hydrothermal and dry carbonization of swine solids and poultry litter

Author
item BAE, SUNYOUNG - North Carolina Agricultural And Technical State University
item Ro, Kyoung
item FLORA, JOSEPH - University Of South Carolina
item Novak, Jeffrey
item BERGE, NICOLE - University Of South Carolina

Submitted to: American Chemical Society National Meeting
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/18/2009
Publication Date: 3/21/2009
Citation: Bae, S., Ro, K.S., Flora, J., Novak, J.M., Berge, N. 2009. Changes in physicochemical characteristics of biochars by hydrothermal and dry carbonization of swine solids and poultry litter [abstract]. American Chemical Society National Meeting, March 21-25, 2010, San Francisco, California.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Biomass conversion from agricultural residues is an important resource for renewable energy production. Biochar, the carbonaceous materials derived from biomass conversion, has received a great attention due to its useful applications. Combination of feedstock and thermal processing conditions produces a distinctive physical and chemical property of biochar. In this study, two different carbonization processes were performed to investigate their impact on the composition, especially exhibited by functional groups. Various biochars were produced by the hydrothermal and dry carbonization techniques with swine solid and poultry litter. The effects of reaction temperature, the reaction time, and water content on changes in surface chemistry have been investigated. Hydrothermal carbonization was performed in a tubular reactor at different temperatures (200°C, 250°C) for different reaction times (4 hrs, 20 hrs). The physicochemical characteristics of biochars have been investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, an optical contact angle measuring system and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.