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Title: Extensive haplotype variation in Tamarixia radiata populations from the Americas: multiple groups

Author
item De Leon, Jesus
item GASTAMINZA, GERARDO - Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC)
item PARRA, JOSE - Universidad De Sao Paulo
item SETAMOU, MAMOUDOU - Citrus Center
item LOGARZO, GUILLERMO - South American Biological Control Lab(SABCL)
item BUENAHORA, JOSE - National Agricultural Research Institute(INIA)
item WLOSEK STANGRET, CARLOS - Collaborator
item YAMAMOTO, PEDRO - Fundecitrus - Brazil

Submitted to: Meeting Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/28/2010
Publication Date: 6/2/2010
Citation: De Leon, J.H., Gastaminza, G.A., Parra, J.R., Setamou, M., Logarzo, G., Buenahora, J., Wlosek Stangret, C.R., Yamamoto, P. 2010. Extensive haplotype variation in Tamarixia radiata populations from the Americas: multiple groups, pp. 59-66. In: VI Congreso Argentino de Citricultura, 2-4 June 2010, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina.

Interpretive Summary: A genetic analysis based on sequencing of the partial mitochondrial COI gene was performed with geographic populations of Tamarixia radiata, a natural enemy of the Asian citrus psyllid. Three populations were from North America, one each from the U.S. states of Florida and Texas and one from the Mexican state of Sonora. Four populations were from the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. A colony of T. radiata from Pakistan was also included in the analysis. The study uncovered extensive haplotype variation as 31 haplotypes (hp1-31) were identified in the populations. Hp8 was shared among individuals in México, Texas, Argentina, and Brazil. Hp16 was shared between individuals in Pakistan and Brazil, while hp21 was shared between Pakistan and Uruguay. The results may suggest that Pakistan or the southwestern Asian region is an invading source of T. radiata in Brazil and Uruguay. Hp8 appears to be an invading haplotype, but as of yet of unknown source, however, it is present in both sub-continents. A phylogenetic network analysis clustered the haplotypes into four groups, Group 1 (Florida), Group 2 (Uruguay, Pakistan), Group 3 (Argentina, Brazil, Pakistan, Uruguay), and Group 4 (Texas, México, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay). Up to this point, the results suggest that there may be three groups of T. radiata present in South America and two in North America. The question is whether these groups represent cryptic species. More detailed studies are required to begin to answer this question.

Technical Abstract: Field collected populations of Tamarixia radiata (n=48) were analyzed by a phylogeographic analysis inferred from the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) (518-bp). Three populations were from North America, one each from the U. S. states of Florida and Texas and one from the Mexican state of Sonora. Four populations were from the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. A colony of T. radiata from Pakistan was also included in the analysis. Extensive haplotype variation was uncovered with a total of 31 haplotypes identified out of 48 individuals, demonstrating extensive haplotype structure. Haplotypes (hp) 1-10 were identified in North America, hp8 and 11-27 in South America, and hp16, 21, and 28-31 from Pakistan. Hp8 was shared among individuals in México, Texas, Argentina, and Brazil. Hp16 was shared between individuals in Pakistan and Brazil, while hp21 was shared between Pakistan and Uruguay. The results may suggest that Pakistan or the southwestern Asian region is an invading source of T. radiata in Brazil and Uruguay. Hp8 appears to be an invading haplotype, but as of yet of unknown source, however, it is present in both sub-continents. A 95% confidence NeighborNet network clustered the haplotypes into four groups, Group 1 (Florida), Group 2 (Uruguay, Pakistan), Group 3 (Argentina, Brazil, Pakistan, Uruguay), and Group 4 (Texas, México, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay). Up to this point, the results suggest that there may be three groups of T. radiata present in South America and two in North America.