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Title: Oxidation and biodegradation of polyethylene films containing pro-oxidantadditives: Synergistic effects of sunlight exposure, thermal aging and fungal biodegradation

Author
item CORTI, ANDREA - UNIVERSITY OF PISA
item MUNIYASAMY, SUDHAKAR - UNIVERSITY OF PISA
item VITALI, MANUELE - UNIVERSITY OF PISA
item IMAM, SYED
item CHIELLINI, EMO - UNIVERSITY OF PISA

Submitted to: Polymer Degradation and Stability
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/14/2010
Publication Date: 6/16/2010
Citation: Corti, A., Muniyasamy, S., Vitali, M., Imam, S.H., Chiellini, E. 2010. Oxidation and biodegradation of polyethylene films containing pro-oxidantadditives: Synergistic effects of sunlight exposure, thermal aging and fungal biodegradation. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 95:1106-114.

Interpretive Summary: Due to the high cost of the natural polymers, consumer plastic- packaging producers are still relying on the petroleum based polymers that are substantially cheap and offer excellent properties, but are essentially non-biodegradable. Efforts are being made world-wide to render synthetic plastics biodegradable to alleviate environmental concerns associated with such plastics. Particularly, researchers at the University of Pisa have used certain chemical additives that break down synthetic plastic polymer via oxidation process when the plastics are disposed in the environment under sunlight and humidity conditions. This manuscript confirms that in an initial step oxidation breaks down the synthetic polymer, such as polyethylene, into smaller chemical entities that are than readily attacked by the soil leading to plastic biodegradation.

Technical Abstract: Synergistic effects of sunlight exposure, thermal aging and fungal biodegradation on the oxidation and biodegradation of linear low density poly (ethylene) PE-LLD films containing pro-oxidant were examined. To achieve oxidation and degradation, films were first exposed to the sunlight for 93 days during the summer months followed by their incubation with fungal strains previously isolated from the soil based on the ability to grow on the oxidized PE-LLD as a sole carbon source. Some films were also thermally aged at temperatures ranging between 45_C and 65 _C, either before or after fungal degradation. Films with pro-oxidant additives exhibited a higher level of oxidation as revealed by increase in their carbonyl index (COi). In addition to increase in the COi, films showed a slight increase in crystallinity and melting temperature (Tm), considerably lower onset degradation temperatures, and a concomitant increase in the % weight of the residues. The level of oxidation observed in thermally aged films was directly proportional to the aging temperature. The PE-LLD films with pro-oxidant exposed to sunlight followed by thermal aging showed even higher rate and extent of oxidation when subsequently subjected to fungal biodegradation. The higher oxidation rate also correlated well with the CO2 production in the fungal biodegradation tests. Similar films oxidized and aged but not exposed to fungal biodegradation showed much less degradation. Microscopic examination showed a profuse growth and colonization of fungal mycelia on the oxidized films by one strain, while another spore-producing strain grew around the film edges. Data presented here suggest that abiotic oxidation of polymer's carbon backbone produced metabolites which supported metabolic activities in fungal cells leading to further biotically-mediated polymer degradation. Thus, a combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors promoted the oxidation/biodegradation of PE-LLD films containing pro-oxidants.