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Title: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-living amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from central Amazon, Brazil

Author
item SANTOS, P - Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz
item ALBUQUERQUE, G - Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz
item DA SILVA, V - Amazonas State University
item MARTIN, A - University Of Dundee
item MARVULO, M - Institute Of Medicine - Brazil
item SOUZA, S - University Of Brazil
item SOUZA, S - University Anhembi Morumbi
item RAGOZO, A - Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)
item NASCIMENTO, C - Universidad De Sao Paulo
item GENNARI, S - Universidad De Sao Paulo
item Dubey, Jitender
item SILVA, J - Federal Rural University Of Pernambuco

Submitted to: Veterinary Parasitology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/1/2011
Publication Date: 12/1/2011
Citation: Santos, P.S., Albuquerque, G.R., Da Silva, V.M., Martin, A.R., Marvulo, M.R., Souza, S.L., Souza, S.L., Ragozo, A.M., Nascimento, C.C., Gennari, S.M., Dubey, J.P., Silva, J.C. 2011. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-living amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from central Amazon, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology. 183:171-173.

Interpretive Summary: Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite of all warm-blooded hosts worldwide. It causes mental retardation and loss of vision in children, and abortion in livestock. Cats are the main reservoir of T. gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete the resistant stage (oocyst) of the parasite in the feces. Humans become infected by eating undercooked meat from infected animals and food and water contaminated with oocysts. In the present study, scientists report prevalence of Toxoplasma in dolphins from Amazon, Brazil. High seroprevalence in these animals indicate contamination of local rivers by Toxoplasma oocysts. The results will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, and public health workers.

Technical Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen in aquatic mammals and its presence in these animals may indicate water contamination of aquatic environment by oocysts. Serum samples from 95 dolphins from free-living Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from Sustainable Development Reserve Mamirauá (RDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Central Amazon, Brazil were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies (MAT = 25) to T. gondii were found in 82 (86.3%) dolphins with titers of 1:25 in 24, 1: 50 in 56, and 1:500 in 2. Results suggest a high level contamination of the aquatic environment of the home range of these animals.