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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Raleigh, North Carolina » Food Science Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #283022
Title: Microbial interactions associated with secondary cucumber fermentation

Author
item FRANCO, WENDY - North Carolina State University
item Perez Diaz, Ilenys

Submitted to: Journal of Applied Microbiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/17/2012
Publication Date: 1/1/2013
Citation: Perez-Diaz, I.M., Franco, W. 2013. Microbial interactions associated with secondary cucumber fermentation. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 114:161-172.

Interpretive Summary: Deterioration of fermented cucumber pickles represents an important economic loss for the pickle industry. In this study, the onset of the spoilage process was correlated with the metabolic activity and interactions of selected yeasts, and Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria naturally present in the fresh fruits. The improved understanding of the initiation of secondary cucumber fermentation aids researchers and processors in the development of monitoring strategies to prevent the establishment of these undesirable microbes in the fermentation tanks and thus reduce incidences of spoilage.

Technical Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the interaction between selected yeasts and bacteria and associate their metabolic activity with secondary cucumber fermentation. Methods and Results: Selected yeast and bacteria, isolated from cucumber secondary fermentations, were inoculated as single and mixed cultures in a cucumber juice model system. Our results confirmed that during storage of fermented cucumbers and in the presence of oxygen, spoilage yeasts are able to grow and utilize the lactic and acetic acids present in the medium, which results in increased brine pH and the chemical reduction in the environment. These conditions favour opportunistic bacteria that continue the degradation of lactic acid. Lactobacillus buchneri, Clostridium bifermentans and Enterobacter cloacae were able to produce acetic, butyric and propionic acids, respectively, when inoculated in the experimental medium at pH 4.6. Yeast and bacteria interactions favoured the survival of Cl. bifermentans and E. cloacae at the acidic pH typical of fermented cucumbers (3.2), but only E. cloacae was able to produce a secondary product. Conclusions: The methodology used in this study confirmed that a complex microbiota is responsible for the changes observed during fermented cucumber secondary fermentation and that certain microbial interactions may be essential for the production of propionic and butyric acids. Significance and Impact of the Study: Understanding the dynamics of the development of secondary cucumber fermentation aids in the identification of strategies to prevent its occurrence and economic losses for the pickling industry.