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ARS Home » Plains Area » Brookings, South Dakota » Integrated Cropping Systems Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #283803
Title: Identification of soybean aphid resistance in early maturing genotypes of soybean

Author
item BHUSAL, SIDDHI - South Dakota State University
item JIANG, GUO-LIANG - South Dakota State University
item TILMON, KELLEY - South Dakota State University
item Hesler, Louis

Submitted to: Crop Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 2/1/2013
Publication Date: 2/1/2013
Citation: Bhusal, S.J., Jiang, G., Tilmon, K.J., Hesler, L.S. 2013. Identification of soybean aphid resistance in early maturing genotypes of soybean. Crop Science. 53:491-499.

Interpretive Summary: The soybean aphid has been a major insect pest of soybean in the United States since 2000. Identification and genetic characterization of plant resistance to soybean aphid in early maturing soybean will facilitate development of aphid-resistant soybean lines for the northern production region. To identify new sources of resistance in early maturing soybeans, a total of 334 soybean lines including resistant and susceptible checks were tested in the greenhouse and field. Caged and non-caged tests were employed in greenhouse screening with artificial inoculation of soybean aphids, and field evaluations were performed with or without artificial inoculation. In the greenhouse, four early maturing lines (PI 603712, PI 464911, PI 430491, and PI 603432B) had low levels of aphids similar to resistant checks, with 17 to 52 aphids per plant two weeks after inoculation; and three additional lines (PI 612759B, PI 200595, and PI 603426D) were moderately resistant. In the field, however, only PI 603712 and PI 430491 showed resistance, with fewer than 200 aphids per plant at peak infestation. PI 603712 was only the soybean line that consistently showed resistance to soybean aphid in all tests, and this suggests that PI 603712 may be a new source of resistance. In addition, relatively high levels of aphids on known resistant sources in field tests suggest that particular races of soybean aphid, known as biotypes 2 and 3, may have been present in the field.

Technical Abstract: Soybean aphid (SA, Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been an important pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the United States since 2000. Identification and genetic characterization of SA resistance in early maturing soybean germplasm will facilitate development of aphid-resistant cultivars in northern region. To identify new sources of SA resistance in early maturing soybeans, a total of 334 soybean genotypes including resistant and susceptible checks were tested in the greenhouse and field. Caged (no-choice) and non-caged tests were employed in greenhouse screening under artificial inoculation of SA, and field evaluations were performed relying on natural aphid infestation with or without artificial SA inoculation. In the greenhouse, four genotypes (PI 603712, PI 464911, PI 430491, and PI 603432B) of maturity group (MG) 0 or 00 exhibited low levels of aphid colonization similar to resistant checks, with 17-52 aphids per plant two weeks after inoculation; and three genotypes (PI 612759B, PI 200595, and PI 603426D) of MG 0 were moderately resistant. In the field, however, only PI 603712 and PI 430491 exhibited a resistance reaction with fewer than 100 or 100-200 aphids per plant at peak infestation. PI 603712 was only genotype which consistently exhibited resistance to SA in all tests, even higher than that of other known sources of SA resistance in the field. This suggests that PI 603712 might be a new source of SA resistance. In addition, the relatively high levels of SA colonization on a Rag1 genotype (PI 548663 or Dowling) in greenhouse tests suggest that the colony used in greenhouse tests might be virulent on Rag1 and thus might be biotype 2. High levels of SA infestation on Rag1 and Rag2 genotypes in field tests also imply that biotypes 2 and 3 may have been present in the eastern South Dakota field.