Huanglongbing resistance and tolerance in citrus

Authors: Stover, Eddie; McCollum, Thomas; Driggers, Randall; Duan, Ping; Shatters, Robert - Bob; RITENOUR, MARK - University Of Florida; Hall, David; CHAPARRO, J - University Of Florida

Submitted to: International Research Conference on Huanglongbing
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/30/2012
Publication Date: 2/4/2013
Citation: Stover, E., McCollum, G., Driggers, R., Duan, Y., Shatters, R., Ritenour, M., Hall, D.G., Chaparro, J. 2013. Huanglongbing resistance and tolerance in citrus. In: Proceedings of the International Research Conference on Huanglongbing, p. 10.1, February 4-8, 2013, Orlando, Florida. Available: http://irchlb.org/files/74c98989-2bd2-4222-b.pdf

Interpretive Summary: Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is severely impacting Florida citrus. Productivity declines in many HLB-affected citrus types, often with greatly reduced leaf number. Fruit size and quality are often adversely affected as the disease advances. HLB was assessed in diverse citrus varieties in commercial groves with high HLB-incidence. ‘Temple’ had the lowest HLB symptoms and HLB pathogen level, while ‘Murcott’ and ‘Minneola’ had the highest. The USDA Ft. Pierce, FL farm is managed to reveal variety responses to HLB. Some current varieties and hybrid seedlings demonstrate resistance/tolerance, at least to strain(s) of HLB pathogen present. The non-edible trifoliate orange is the best documented citrus resistance source with pathogen suppressed even when trifoliate orange is grafted onto severely-infected rootstocks. Some varieties and hybrids have abundant foliage symptoms, but full canopies and seemingly normal fruit set and size. In 3-years of data from a field experiment with ‘Triumph’(T), ‘Jackson’(J), ‘Flame’(F), and ‘Marsh’(M), HLB symptoms were severe in all trees and pathogen levels were similar. However, F&M were almost completely defoliated in some years while T&J had full leaf cover. Cumulative fruit/tree was greater for T&J (255&220) than for F&M (29&66). T&J fruit met commercial standards and had normal size but F&M fruit were unacceptable with many small and misshapen. Evidence mounts that useful resistance/tolerance to HLB is present in cultivated citrus and this is a focus of the USDA citrus breeding program.

Technical Abstract: Huanglongbing (HLB) is severely impacting Florida citrus. Productivity declines in many HLB-affected genotypes, often with greatly thinned canopies. Fruit size and quality are often adversely affected as the disease advances. HLB was assessed in diverse cultivars in commercial groves with high HLB-incidence. ‘Temple’ had the lowest HLB symptoms and Liberibacter (Las) titer, while ‘Murcott’ and ‘Minneola’ had the highest. The USDA Ft. Pierce, FL farm is managed to reveal genotype responses to HLB. Some current cultivars and hybrid seedlings demonstrate resistance/tolerance, at least to strain(s) of Las present. C. trifoliata is the best documented citrus resistance source with Las titers suppressed even when C. trifoliata is grafted onto severely-infected rootstocks. Some cultivars and hybrids have abundant foliage symptoms, but full canopies and seemingly normal fruit set and size. In 3-years of data from a replicated trial of ‘Triumph’(T), ‘Jackson’(J), ‘Flame’(F), and ‘Marsh’(M), HLB symptoms were severe in all trees and Liberibacter titers were similar. However, F&M were almost completely defoliated in some years while T&J had full canopies. Cumulative fruit/tree was greater for T&J (255&220) than for F&M (29&66). T&J fruit met commercial standards and had normal size but F&M fruit were unacceptable with many small and misshapen. Evidence mounts that useful resistance/tolerance to HLB is present in cultivated citrus and this is a focus of the USDA citrus breeding program.